Polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate by hydro/solvothermal technique in presence of nanographene: electrical an
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Polymerization of 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate by hydro/solvothermal technique in presence of nanographene: electrical and thermal degradation characterization Fatih Biryan1 · Aslışah Açıkses1 · Kadir Demirelli1 Received: 26 November 2019 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Nanocomposites of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) loaded with 1.7 mass%, 6.5 mass% and 9.0 mass% nanographene were prepared by hydro/solvothermal technique. The main peaks of the nanographene and amorphous polymer structure were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, DSC and TGA techniques. The dielectric constant (εʹ), the dielectric loss factor (εʺ), the loss tangent (tanδ) and the conductivity (σac) were measured using a dielectric analyzer in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 2 kHz. Also, current (I)–voltage (V) measurements were carried out. It is well known that nanocomposite formation causes an improvement of many properties for a polymer, providing enhanced properties such as conductivity and thermal stability. This investigation was done to understand whether the presence of nanographene causes changes in the degradation pathway of poly(HEMA) prepared by hydro/solvothermal technique. For this aim, pure poly(HEMA) and nanocomposites were heated from room temperature to 500 °C. The characterization of degradation products for the cold ring fractions (CRFs) and trapped at − 196 °C (in liquid nitrogen) was investigated by means of FT-IR, 1H, 13C-NMR spectroscopic and GC–MS techniques. The FT-IR, NMR and GC–MS data showed that depolymerization corresponding to monomer (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was the most important product trapped at CRF and − 196 °C in the thermal degradation of nanocomposites. As the nanographene loading increased in composite systems, the rate of depolymerization of poly(HEMA) increased compared to pure poly(HEMA). The nanographene particles in the composite systems acted as a mass barrier that retards the escape of the volatile products Keywords Hydro/solvothermal · HEMA · Dielectric properties · Degradation · Composite
Introduction The polymer nanocomposites based on graphene generally have unique physical, chemical, dielectric properties and good conductivity, flame retardation, high thermal stability and mechanical strength compared to pure polymers. The graphene has a great number of applications encompassing many areas such as engineering, industrial, electronics, medicine, energy and household design [1–3]. Hence, it stands out as the most promising candidate to be a major filling agent for composite applications [4]. Polymer nanocomposites are among the most important applications of * Kadir Demirelli [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, 23169 Elazig, Turkey
carbon nanofillers including graphene. The incorporation of HEMA-functionalized graphene oxide into PPF/PEGDMA produced by the covalent modification of carboxylated GO with HEMA has successfully
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