Prevention of Candida biofilm formation over polystyrene by plasma polymerization technique
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Research Letter
Prevention of Candida biofilm formation over polystyrene by plasma polymerization technique ̇ ̇ Gizem Kaleli-Can, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir 35140, Turkey Elvan Hortaç-İ ş tar, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara 06790, Turkey Hatice Ferda Özgüzar, Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey Mehmet Mutlu, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ostim Technical University, Ankara 06374, Turkey Hasan Cenk Mirza and Ahmet Baş ustaoğ lu, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara 06790, Turkey Jülide Sedef Göçmen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey Address all correspondence to Jülide Sedef Göçmen at [email protected] (Received 29 August 2020; accepted 6 October 2020)
Abstract This work investigates the antifungal effect of plasma polymer films produced by low-pressure RF-generated plasma system using acrylic acid, 2–hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and diethyl phosphite (DEP). Unmodified and plasma-modified polystyrene (PS) microplate wells were tested by 30 biofilm-positive Candida spp. isolated from blood samples and two control strains using a quantitative plaque assay method. Regardless of the precursors and plasma parameters, biofilm formation was inhibited for all plasma-modified microplate wells. The most significant anti-biofilm effect was observed on PS modified by DEP at 90 W plasma power with the inhibition of all Candida species’ biofilm formation.
Introduction Candidaspecies (Candida spp.) are the fourth most common cause of hospital-acquired fungal infections, causing longlasting and compulsive treatment and high health expenditures.[1] Several studies have shown that approximately 90% of patients followed in intensive care units are affected from colonization with various Candida spp. which cause high mortality and morbidity.[2] Most of these infections originate from the biofilm formation on foreign bodies, such as catheter, prosthetic valve, coronary stent, endotracheal tube, intrauterine device, and orthopedic prosthesis and these biofilms protect the microorganism from phagocytosis and antifungal effects due to the structural thick extracellular matrix.[3] Thus, the inhibition of Candida adhesion could be efficient for preventing Candida-based biofilm formation on foreign bodies.[4–6] Even though many groups and our group have been studied about Candida albicans(C. albicans)-induced biofilm formation on different surfaces and their inhibition,[7–13] few studies have been conducted considering the existence of different strains of Candida spp. [14–16] It has been demonstrated that more than half of candidal infections are caused by non-albicans organism.[17–22] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a strategy for the inhibition of biofilm formation considering not only C. a
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