Polymorphism and Phylogeny of the Vacuolar Invertase Inhibitor Gene INH2 Homologs in Solanaceae Species
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Polymorphism and Phylogeny of the Vacuolar Invertase Inhibitor Gene INH2 Homologs in Solanaceae Species M. A. Sluginaa, *, E. Z. Kochievaa, b, and A. V. Shchennikovaa aInstitute
of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia bMoscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 20, 2019; revised November 5, 2019; accepted November 5, 2019
Abstract—INH2 homologous genes encoding vacuolar invertase inhibitor were identified in 37 Solanaceae species, and the INH2 polymorphism was evaluated. A significant level of interspecific polymorphism of the INH2 coding sequence was found within the Petota and Lycopersicon sections, which corresponds to the high mutation rate during the evolution of the INH2 genes and presumably associated with the modern plant diversity. Structural analysis revealed the presence of conserved motifs and amino acid residues, non-transmembrane signal peptide and the PMEI domain in the INH2 proteins. The possibility of applying the INH2 sequence to assess the inter-genera and inter-section Solanaceae phylogeny was shown. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359020040111
INTRODUCTION Solanaceae is one of the largest and most diverse families of dicotyledonous plants, with 3000–4000 species grouped into ~90 genera (Gebhardt, 2016). The family includes both perennial trees and annual herbaceous species, and the geographical distribution of its representatives is extensive, ranging from deserts to tropical forests (Knapp et al., 2004). Solanaceae contains many valuable species, among which one can distinguish decorative (petunia, cestrum, physalis) and medicinal (belladonna, belena, scopolia) plants. Special attention has been paid to the agriculturally valuable species of Solanaceae (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, and tobacco), which are also model species for many cellular and molecular genetic studies, the main goal of which is to solve various agronomic problems (Gebhardt, 2016). The vast genetic diversity of the Solanaceae species makes it generally a good model system for studying the evolution of genes that determine agronomically valuable traits (Machida-Hirano, 2015). Such traits include the nutritional value of fruits and tubers, their shelf life, ripening characteristics, and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses at the stage of crop formation. Significant factors that determine these characteristics are the carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, the level of activity of which is controlled by specific inhibitor proteins, in particular, the INH2 vacuolar invertase inhibitor (Brummell et al., 2011). The INH2 inhibitor belongs to a small family of pectin methylesterases, the protein is approximately 17 kDa (PMEI-RP, PF04043) (Hothorn et al., 2004).
INH2 binds to one of the most important enzyme— vacuolar invertase (vacInv/TAI/PAIN-1) (Pressey, 1967; Greiner et al., 1999). A complex is formed in which, at a certain pH value, the vacuolar invertase becomes unable to catalyze the most important reacti
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