New insights into the evolution and expression dynamics of invertase gene family in Solanum lycopersicum
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ORIGINAL PAPER
New insights into the evolution and expression dynamics of invertase gene family in Solanum lycopersicum Huawei Wei1,2 · Songlin Chai1,3 · Lei Ru4 · Luzhao Pan3 · Yuan Cheng1 · Meiying Ruan1 · Qingjing Ye1 · Rongqing Wang1 · Zhuping Yao1 · Guozhi Zhou1 · Yougen Chen2 · Hongjian Wan1,5 Received: 7 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Invertases catalyze the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose and thus play key roles in carbon metabolism and plant development. To gain insights into their evolutional and functional relationships, we conducted genome-wide analyses of invertase genes in tomato and other species, focusing on their evolution and expression dynamics. The analyses unexpectedly identified in the tomato genome 5 pseudo invertsase sequences and 5 non-functional cell wall invertases (CWINs) lacking the critical β-fructosidase motif or other amino acids required for hydrolyzing sucrose. Based on their phylogeny relationship and exon–intron structure, we speculated that the invertase gene family could arose from different ancestral genes. The acid invertase gene family, comprised of CWIN and vacuolar invertase (VIN), expanded through segmental and tandem duplication. Analysis of functional divergence suggests site-specific shifted evolutionary rate (Type-I) have played an important role in evolutionary novelties after acid invertase gene duplication in plants. Finally, paralogs within each of the CWIN, VIN and CIN subfamilies exhibited diverse expression responses to the same set of stress treatments including salt and temperature stresses, probably reflecting functional adaptability of the invertase genes during evolution. Keywords Evolutionary patterns · Expression · Functional divergence · Gene duplication · Invertases · Tomato
Huawei Wei and Songlin Chai have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00631-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hongjian Wan [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‑Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2
College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
3
College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
4
Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China
5
China‑Australia Research Centre for Crop Improvement, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
Introduction Sucrose (Suc), as the main end product of photosynthesis in most plants, is transported from the source leaves to sink tissues. In the heterotrophic sink organs, Suc is either irreversibly hydrolyzed by invertase (EC 3.2.1.26
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