Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecula
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics Julia Schneider & Grit Winterfeld & Martin Röser
Received: 24 June 2011 / Accepted: 13 February 2012 / Published online: 4 March 2012 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2012
Abstract The small pooid grass tribe Hainardieae comprises six genera with approximately ten species; however, this tribe was not accepted by all previous taxonomic treatments. To study the relationships among these genera and to infer the phylogeny and evolutionary patterns, we used sequence variation of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast (cp) matK DNA and morphology. Many genera of the Aveneae/Poeae tribe complex additionally were included. Both molecular datasets showed Hainardieae to be highly polyphyletic, and its genera to branch with different groups of the Aveneae/ Poeae. Parapholis and Hainardia are corroborated as being closely related, and belonging to a firmly supported Eurasian clade together with Catapodium incl. Scleropoa, Cutandia, Desmazeria, Sphenopus, Vulpiella (subtribe Parapholiinae) and with Cynosurus as sister to this assemblage. The other genera of traditionally recognised Hainardieae are positioned phylogenetically distant: Mediterranean Narduroides is verified as more or less related to Festuca and relatives (subtribe Loliinae), whereas the west Eurasian Pholiurus is close to the lineage of Poa and relatives (subtribe Poinae). North American Scribneria is sister to Deschampsia and both genera should be unified under a common subtribe (Aristaveninae or Holcinae). The phylogenetic position of the Algerian genus Agropyropsis (close to Narduroides and within the Loliinae) is suggested on morphology only, because no molecular data was obtained
J. Schneider : G. Winterfeld : M. Röser (*) Institute of Biology, Department of Systematic Botany, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany e-mail: [email protected]
for it. Considering classification, we support the abandonment of tribe Hainardieae and argue to abandon Poeae subtribe Scribneriinae. Poeae subtribe Parapholiinae is redefined with a novel genus content, due to the exclusion of Agropyropsis and Pholiurus and the inclusion of Vulpiella. Keywords Cytogenetics . Grasses . Hainardieae . ITS . matK . Poaceae
Introduction The economic and ecological importance of the grass subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) for humans and animals has induced many scientists to focus on its molecular phylogeny and evolution patterns. Many recent studies on classification and phylogeny have resulted in changes in circumscription and taxonomic treatment (Hsiao et al. 1995a, 1999; Catalán et al. 1997; Soreng and Davis 1998, 2000; Hilu et al. 1999; Mathews et al. 2000; GPWG 2001; Soreng et al. 2003; Davis and Soreng 2007, 2010; Döring et al. 2007; Duvall et al. 2007; Bouchenak-Khelladi et
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