Polyurethane foam derived nitrogen-enriched porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide composite with sandwich-like nanoarchit
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Polyurethane foam derived nitrogen-enriched porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide composite with sandwich-like nanoarchitectures for supercapacitors Jian Zhang1 · Lei Guo1 · Qiuyu Meng1 · Wenqian Wang2 · Zhaohui Li1 · Mengmeng Chang1 · Meihua Liu1 · Zheng Jin1 · Kai Zhao2 Received: 18 January 2018 / Accepted: 3 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract A new type of polyurethane (PU) foam derived nitrogen-enriched porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide (PU/rGO) composite was synthesized and studied for the first time. By taking advantages of PU foam as carbon skeleton precursor, GO nanosheets wrapped onto the skeleton’s surface through hydrothermal process, then the stable porous sandwich-like nanoarchitectures built after carbonization process. Moreover, the wrapped GO can be transformed into rGO due to thermal reduction during the carbonization process. When being applied as supercapacitor electrodes, the prepared PU/rGO composite could achieve an extremely high specific capacitance of 490 and 341.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 and 20 A g−1, respectively. After 5000 cycles, the specific retention yielded to 97.3% at 1 A g−1. Resulting from these merits, the as-assembled symmetric supercapacitor device with a wide operating voltage window of 1.5 V exhibit an excellent energy density of 21.66 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 825 W kg−1 and remain 7.5 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 2250 W kg−1. Most importantly, this work may offer a strategy for converting the PU foam wastes into carbon material with excellent electrochemical performance applied on energy storage.
1 Introduction Supercapacitors as a kind of promising energy storage device have attracted tremendous attention in recent years owing to its high specific power density, fast charging/discharging process, outstanding cycle stability and long lifespan [1–4]. According to the different energy storage mechanism, supercapacitors can generally be divided into pseudocapacitance based on reversible faradaic redox reactions and electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) through fast ion adsorption * Zheng Jin [email protected]; [email protected] * Kai Zhao [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High‑efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People’s Republic of China
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[5, 6]. Besides, it is worth pointing out that the EDLCs are the most commercially available supercapacitors nowadays [7]. Carbon-based materials have played a very important role in the design of EDLCs electrodes due to their large surface area, high electrical conductivity and excellent thermal stability [8, 9]. Given this situation, various carbon-based materials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene oxide (GO
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