Population Genetic Relationships between Mouflon and Domesticated Sheep Breeds in Highly Polymorphic Genomic Elements
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HUSBANDRY
Population Genetic Relationships between Mouflon and Domesticated Sheep Breeds in Highly Polymorphic Genomic Elements V. I. Glazkoa, b, G. Yu. Kosovskyb, T. A. Erkenova, T. T. Glazkoa, b, *, and Kh. A. Amerkhanova aRussian
State Agricultural University–Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Moscow, 127550 Russia Afanasiev Research Institute of Fur Animal and Rabbit Breeding, Rodniki, Moscow oblast, 140143 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received April 23, 2020; revised April 29, 2020; accepted May 12, 2020
Abstract—A comparative analysis of population-genetic structures of three indigenous sheep breeds (Kalmyk, Edilbay, and Karachay breeds) and closely related wild species of the European Mouflon has been performed with polylocus genotyping at the highly polymorphic fragments of genomic DNA flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellite loci and a long terminal repeat region of endogenous retrovirus BERV-K1 (ISSRPCR and IRAP-PCR markers). Increased genetic heterogeneity of ISSR-PCR and IRAP-PCR markers in males compared to females is revealed in all of the tested animal groups. The spectra of amplification products, including breed- and species-specific genomic DNA fragments, are identified. Genotyping for them may contribute to the control over the process of consolidation of breeds and intrabreed groups. Representatives of the European Mouflon are found to be different from the domesticated sheep in higher-rank polymorphism in the fragments of genomic DNA flanked by inverted repeats of BERV-K1, which may indicate the mobile genetic elements involved in the population-genetic differentiation between the domesticated and closely related wild species. Keywords: genomic scanning, ISSR-PCR markers, IRAP-PCR markers, microsatellites, retrotransposons, mouflons, sheep, domestication DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420050079
INTRODUCTION The current animal-breeding problems under the impact of climate change, urbanization, and reduction in soil fertility are closely related to the requirements for increasing the adaptive potential in the farm animal species in order to ensure stability in the use of their genetic resources. One of the approaches for this increase is hybridization between the farm animals and the closely related wild species. A wild ancestral sheep species, such as the Mouflon, may serve as an adaptive potential reserve for domesticated sheep breeding and farming. Comparison of genetic structures between the Mouflon and the group of animals typical for the steppe (Kalmyk and Edilby breeds) and upland (Karachay breed) areas of habitats is performed within this survey in order to assess the genetic relationships between the species. The challenges in the mechanisms of animal domestication have rather long been considered since the time of developing the agrarian civilization, which is reflected in many sources. Some researchers, particularly Melinda Zeder, continue the traditions of Ch. Darwin and N.I. Vavilov, considering the process of animal domestication as a model for enhancing the
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