Possible Mechanisms of Axonal Transport Disturbances in Mouse Spinal Motoneurons Induced by Hypogravity
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of Axonal Transport Disturbances in Mouse Spinal Motoneurons Induced by Hypogravity
M. S. Kuznetsov1, V. V. Valiullin1, A. N. Lisyukov1, E. S. Koshpaeva1, V. R. Saitov2,3, O. S. Razvina4,5, M. Hayatsu4, T. Ushiki4, and R. R. Islamov1 Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 170, No. 8, pp. 243-247, August, 2020 Original article submitted April 29, 2020 The data obtained by transcriptome analysis of lumbar spinal cord segments, sciatic nerve, and the respiratory diaphragm of the mice performed after a space flight on board Bion-M1 biosatellite were processed by bioinformatic methods aimed at elucidation of the regularities in hypogravity-induced transcriptome changes in various compartments of motor neurons. The study revealed abnormalities of axonal transport in spinal motor neurons provoked by weightlessness. These data agree with the results of electron microscopy examination of the spinal cord in experimental animals. In space group mice sacrificed on the landing day, the content of perinuclear ribosomes in lumbar motoneurons surpassed that in control mice or in the recovery group examined 1 week after the flight. The data corroborate our hypothesis on contribution of axonal transport disturbances into pathogenesis of hypogravity motor syndrome. They can be employed as a launching pad for further study of hypogravity-triggered motor disorder mechanisms in order to elaborate the preventive therapy against the development of hypogravity motor syndrome in space flights. Key Words: Bion-M1 biosatellite; lumbar spinal cord; sciatic nerve; hypogravity motor syndrome; transcriptome One of the adverse sequelae of long-term effects of hypogravity and weightlessness in space missions is disturbance of locomotor system referred to as hypogravity motor syndrome (HMS) [7]. In previous studies of HMS pathogenesis, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of lumbar spinal cord and sciatic nerve in mice after a 30-day spaceflight aboard biosatellite Bion-M1 and subsequent 7-day readaptation to Earth’s gravity. The genes potentially associated with the development of HMS were annotated including genes controlling axonal transport [1,6]. In the study of transcriptome of mouse respiratory diaphragm, we 1 Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; 2Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety — All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute (FCTRBS—ARRVI), Russia, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; 3Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; 4School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; 5G-MedEx Control Center, Japan, Niigata. Address for correspondence: qmaxksmu@ yandex.ru M. S. Kuznetsov
revealed the metabolic and signaling pathways implicated in HMS pathogenesis, which play important role not only in muscle, but also in nervous tissue (namely, in terminal axonal arborization) [4]. In the terminal branches of mouse motoneuron axons, we detected
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