Fully slot-die-coated perovskite solar cells in ambient condition
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Fully slot‑die‑coated perovskite solar cells in ambient condition Luoyi Gao1 · Keqing Huang1 · Caoyu Long1 · Feilong Zeng1 · Biao Liu1 · Junliang Yang1 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developing rapidly, but most of the PSCs are prepared by spin coating process, which is not compatible with potential large-scale, high-throughput industrialization. Slot-die coating is a promising deposition technique with high precision and excellent material utilization, which can accelerate the industrialscale production of PSCs and enhance the potential commercial value. Herein, fully slot-die-coated PSCs were achieved by subsequently slot-die coating electron transport layer, perovskite layer and hole transport layer in ambient condition, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 14.55%. The optimization of slot-die coating parameters for two-step deposition process can produce even PbI2 film and subsequent high-quality perovskite film. Furthermore, a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide and N, N-dimethylformamide was used to dissolve P bI2 for further enhancing the surface energy and delaying crystallization, leading to a uniform and better perovskite film. In addition, the slot-die coating properties and repeatability could be improved by adding a small quantity of cations (cesium, methylammonium and formamidinium) additives into the PbI2 precursor solution. The results suggest that efficient PSCs with good repeatability could be processed via fully slot-die coating in ambient condition, which is compatible with potentially large-scale, roll-to-roll commercial process. Keywords Slot-die coating · Perovskite solar cells · Fully printing
1 Introduction Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly over the decade, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is comparable to that of silicon solar cells, which is attributed to the excellent properties of perovskite materials, including decent light absorbing ability [1, 2], high electron and hole mobility [3], and excellent photovoltaic properties such as small exciton binding energy [4]. Besides, one of the important advantages of PSCs is that perovskite films can be continuously processed via solution printing techniques [5–7], which are suitable for large-scale industrial production. Currently, the PCE of PSCs has increased from the first reported 3.8% to 25.2% [8, 9]. However, most of the highly efficient PSCs are prepared by spin coating. Although the spin coating method has its own advantages such as high operability and good reproducibility, it is not suitable for * Junliang Yang [email protected] 1
School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
the preparation of PSCs in large scale. Apart from that, spin-coated devices are generally fabricated in glove boxes, which hampers the preparation of large-area modules of PSCs. Thus, many resear
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