Potassium Influencing Physiological Parameters, Photosynthesis and Sugarcane Yield in Subtropical India
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Potassium Influencing Physiological Parameters, Photosynthesis and Sugarcane Yield in Subtropical India V. P. Jaiswal1 • S. K. Shukla1 • Lalan Sharma1 • Ishwar Singh2 • A. D. Pathak2 Mona Nagargade1 • Arup Ghosh3 • C. Gupta1 • Asha Gaur1 • S. K. Awasthi1 • Raghvendra Tiwari1 • Abhay Srivastava1 • Ebhin Masto4
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Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract Potassium plays an important role in the metabolism of plants, growth, development and yields. Worldwide, KCl is commonly used as source of K fertilizer in agricultural crops. The present experiment was taken up to assess the response of various sources of K on physiological attributes, yield and quality parameters of sugarcane. Treatments were no K application, potassium ammonium sulphate (H4KNO4S-9:0:30:20, NPKS ratio), slow release K fertilizer (0:0:45:0), sulphate of potash/potassium sulphate (K2SO4-0:0:50:17.5), muriate of potash (KCl0:0:50:0) and muriate of potash (KCl) ? elemental S @ 40 kg ha-1. Application of K2SO4 recorded 15.8% improvement in tiller population (during peak tillering stage) and 22.2% improvement in dry matter accumulation (at the harvest stage) over the KCl. About 12.33–24.16% increments in crop growth rate and the highest net photosynthetic rate (19.91 lmol m-2 s-1) were also recorded with application of K2SO4. Application of K fertilizers improved the availability of potassium in soil by 8.17% (254.2 kg ha-1). Potassium uptake in sugarcane crop ranged from 245 to 347 kg ha-1. The highest individual cane length (311 cm) was measured with application of K2SO4. Application of K2SO4 brings forth about 23.8% increments & S. K. Shukla [email protected]; [email protected] 1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, P.O. Dilkusha, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
2
Present Address: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
3
CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
4
CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
in millable canes, 14% in cane weight and 33.8% in cane yield over no K. Application of K also increased mean sucrose content in juice by 0.58 unit (17.0 pol per cent juice) over no use of K. Overall effect of K application on increasing sugarcane yield and sucrose content simultaneously brought forth improvement in commercial cane sugar (CCS) by 29.43% (10.50 t/ha) over no use of K. However, application of K2SO4 also improved CCS by 25.89% (11.67 t/ha) over the application of KCl. Keywords Crop growth rate Dry matter accumulation Leaf area Net assimilation rate Net photosynthetic rate Relative growth rate
Introduction Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is grown in more than ninety countries in the world and occupies about 26.26 m ha area with production of 1907.0 m tones at 72.59 t/ha productivity (FAO 2018). India ranks second after Brazil in area (5.11 m ha) and total sugarcane production (400.16 m tone
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