Fusarium diseases affecting sugarcane production in India
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Fusarium diseases affecting sugarcane production in India R. Viswanathan1 Received: 7 January 2019 / Revised: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Sugarcane is a major food and bioenergy crop in India and many fungal pathogens impact cane cultivation across the country. The fungal pathogen Fusarium sacchari causes wilt in sugarcane stalks and severely affects cane production and productivity in the crop. Many commercial varieties were lost due to their severity to the disease. East coast regions, South Gujarat and subtropical plains are identified as the disease endemic regions in the Country. More damages to cane stalks are expected if the disease occurs in association with red rot. Based on morphological and molecular profiles of the isolates F. sacchari was identified as the causal organism. Among the molecular markers, ISSR and IGS-RFLP established variation in F. sacchari efficiently and distinguished this species with other Fusarium spp. Pokkah boeng (PB), another Fusarium disease in sugarcane is characterized by twisting of young leaves and morphological changes in spindle. Under Indian conditions, F. sacchari and F. proliferatum are found associated with PB. Recently, epidemic occurrences of PB are noticed in both the tropical and subtropical regions in the country and its current severity scenario suggests that the disease has become a major disease from minor disease, possibly due to climate changes and this needs detailed investigation. The paper reviews scenario of wilt and PB in the country, impact of the diseases on sugarcane, pathogens and their variability, disease resistance and management. Keywords Sugarcane · Wilt · Pokkah boeng · Fusarium sacchari
Wilt In India, wilt was first recorded by E. J. Butler during 1906 in Bihar state. The disease epidemics during the last century resulted in withdrawal of many commercial cultivars from cultivation (Kirtikar and Shukla 1972; Singh and Singh 1974; Subba Raja and Natarajan 1972; Viswanathan and Rao 2011). Subsequently, severe wilt incidences were also noticed in South Gujarat and in Indo-Gangetic plains. Nation-wide disease assessment revealed the wilt severity upto 60% in Co 7717, 5–10% in CoJ 64, CoJ 79 and CoS 767 in Uttar Pradesh; severe wilt in combination with red rot on major varieties in Bihar and severe wilt on Co 89003 and moderate wilt on Co 7717, CoS 8436 and CoS 88230 in Punjab in subtropics. In the tropics, varying levels of wilt in the varieties in South Gujarat and mild wilt on popular varieties in Maharashtra and in Madhya Pradesh were recorded (Agnihotri and Rao 2002). Studies of Viswanathan et al. * R. Viswanathan [email protected] 1
Plant Pathology Section, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
(2006) revealed that the disease severity varied from traces to 75% in different states in the Country. Due to wilt severity, an elite variety in coastal Andhra Pradesh, Co 7805 suffered huge production losses in the past two decades (Viswana
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