Potassium triiodide enhanced multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported lipase for expediting a greener forensic visualizat
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Potassium triiodide enhanced multi‑walled carbon nanotubes supported lipase for expediting a greener forensic visualization of wetted fingerprints Roswanira Abdul Wahab1,2 · Jive Kasturi Puspanadan1,2 · Naji Arafat Mahat1,2,3,4 · Aida Rasyidah Azman1,2 · Dzulkiflee Ismail5 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Evidences of crime are often disposed in waterways to destroy all ties to the crime. Nonetheless, these evidences are not inevitably lost as the water insoluble lipid components may remain on the object. Currently, Small Particle Reagent (SPR) is used for visualizing such wet fingerprints and it comprises of several chemicals that are relatively hazardous to the crime investigator and the environment. The adaptation of a greener nano-biotechnological route might be useful, but there is still much to be done to improve this fingerprint visualisation method. Henceforth, this study was carried out to optimise the visualization protocol for CRL-MWCNTs/GA/I3K/SAF on split natural fingerprints immersed in purified tap water for oneand 15 days using response surface methodology (RSM). The addition of I3K as the mordant expedited the overall staining process. This study achieved a better mean fingerprints quality for the one-day immersed samples fared better compared to 15 days, thus suggesting the adequate use of CRL in the formulation. Hence, it was shown that RSM is reliable in predicting the optimum condition that yielded the highest mean fingerprint quality for both time intervals (one and 15 days). Keywords Wet fingerprints · Multi-walled carbon nanotubes · Visualization reagent · Forensic science · Statistical optimization · Response surface methodology
Introduction
* Roswanira Abdul Wahab [email protected] * Naji Arafat Mahat [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Malaysia
2
Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
3
Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
4
Centre of Research for Fiqh Forensics and Judiciary, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri, Sembilan, Malaysia
5
Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Waterways such as lake and river are often used by criminals to dispose murder weapons and other evidence of crime (Becker 2013, Glenn 2017, Campbell 2018). Therefore, the ability to retrieve water-immersed evidence to process for possible fingerprints is a fundamental element in criminal investigations, particularly in establishing the identity of the perpetrators (Becker 2013). Fingerprint detection continues to be the cheapest and quickest technique for human identification, compar
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