Potential ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals in Hunchun basin, Northeast China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Potential ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals in Hunchun basin, Northeast China Xiaodong Guo 1,2
&
Yongsheng Zhao 1 & Haiyang He 2 & Xiaoguang Wang 2
Received: 28 February 2019 / Accepted: 6 December 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract In order to evaluate soil heavy metal (As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Cd) pollution in Hunchun basin more accurately, 310 soil samples were collected. Heavy metal pollution was assessed by the Nemerow complex pollution index (INmw), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (RI). Multivariate statistical methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used for heavy metal source analysis. Results showed that the INmw across all soil samples was relatively small and was not significantly contaminated. The mean Igeo of Hg in soil samples was higher than other elements. The proportion of samples with Hg content exceeding the Chinese national standard for total samples was 32.43%. The RIs of soil samples were low in all districts of the study area, apart from Machuanzi Township. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that Cd, Zn, and Cu were affected by coal mining, coal gangue stacking, transportation, and the action of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in Cr and Ni farmland. Pb, As, and Hg had been subjected to atmospheric deposition such as coal combustion and automobile exhaust. Keywords Soil heavy metals . Principal component analysis . Potential ecological risk . Hunchun basin
Introduction Soil heavy metal pollution has become an increasingly serious problem in recent years, and many scholars have done a great deal of work on this issue (Ma et al. 2010; Sarwar et al. 2017). Heavy metal elements possess qualities of persistent toxicity and complex ecological effects and are enriched in the soil. Heavy metals in the soil continue to enter groundwater or crops, harming human health and the ecological environment throughout the food chain (Li et al. 2016a, b; Ran et al. 2017). There are two sources of heavy metals in soil – natural sources Responsible Editor: Haroun Chenchouni Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-5016-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiaodong Guo [email protected] 1
College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
2
Shenyang Center of Geological Survey, CGS, Shenyang 110034, China
and anthropogenic sources (Lu et al. 2019). The natural source mainly refers to the mineral source of the pedogenic rock (Sun et al. 2016), which is affected by geological and mineral conditions. Anthropogenic sources are mainly related to human activity and production, including coal, oil, and other energy development and consumption, industrial waste discharge, farmland fertilizer, and pesticide application (Li et al. 2017a, b). In order to evaluate the harm of heavy metals to human and the ecological environment, ther
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