Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-crop systems in Liujiang karst area, Southwestern China
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-crop systems in Liujiang karst area, Southwestern China Molan Tang 1 & Guanghui Lu 2 & Bolun Fan 1 & Wu Xiang 3 & Zhengyu Bao 1,4,5 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Evaluating the bioaccumulation and health risk of heavy metals in soil-crop systems is essential in Liujiang karst regions. In the current study, the single and comprehensive uptake effects of heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Zn) between rice and sugarcane and their rhizosphere soils were investigated. The estimated daily ingestion (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were estimated for health risk assessments. The results showed that the mean contents of Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Zn in rice soils were 25.8, 168, 1.91, 20.0, and 160 mg/kg, respectively, and those in sugarcane soils were 28.8, 186, 0.44, 31.0, and 108 mg/kg. Rice soils were mainly contaminated by Cd, and Cd and Cr were the main pollutants in sugarcane soils. The average concentrations of Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Zn in rice grains were 1.79, 0.15, 0.16, 0.11, and 12.7 mg/kg, respectively, and in sugarcanes were 0.10, 0.036, 0.022, 0.006, and 0.38 mg/kg. Both crops tended to take up Cd more effectively, and rice grains exhibited higher accumulation capacities of heavy metals in edible part than sugarcanes. Prediction models of Cd and comprehensive accumulation factors were established for rice and sugarcane, and different soil factors affect metal accumulation in crops cultivated in different types. Due to the exposure to As and Cd through rice consumption, non-carcinogenic risks are likely to occur in Liujiang residents. Keywords Heavy metal bioaccumulation . Soil-crop system . Risk assessment . Crop food safety . Liujiang karst area
Highlights • Cd is the main pollutant in soil-crop system in Liujiang karst area. • Heavy metals tend to easily accumulate in rice grain than in sugarcane. • Different soil factors affect metal accumulation in crops cultivated in different types. • Regression models are established to predict metal accumulations in crops. • Liujiang residents may experience health risk caused by As and Cd through rice consumption. Responsible editor: Kitae Baek Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-02011448-x. * Zhengyu Bao [email protected]
3
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
1
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4
Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou 311305, China
2
Geological Team No. 274 of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Beihai 536000, China
5
Ankang Se-Resources Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Ankang 725000, China
Environ Sci Pollut Res
Introduction Heavy metal contamination of soil has gained worldwide concern because of their potential toxicity, and persistent and irreversib
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