Potential for Sustainable Aquaculture: Insights from Discrete Choice Experiments
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Potential for Sustainable Aquaculture: Insights from Discrete Choice Experiments Bui Bich Xuan1,2 · Erlend Dancke Sandorf3 Accepted: 26 July 2020 / Published online: 4 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The growth in global aquaculture production may address the lack of sustainability in wild fisheries, alleviate poverty in rural and coastal areas, and help meet the worldwide increase in demand for animal protein. However, there is an ongoing debate about the severity of the environmental impact of aquaculture production. Investing in new high-tech production systems can address both productivity growth and the environmental externalities, but high investment costs hinder adoption of high-tech production methods. We investigate the potential of a payment for environmental services program easing access to capital for producers to increase willingness-to-invest in more sustainable aquaculture practices in Vietnam. We conducted two discrete choice experiments to explore the supply and demand side of the policy. First, we elicited the public’s willingness-to-pay to reduce the environmental impact of conventional shrimp aquaculture, and second, we elicited farmers willingness-toaccept a credit subsidy to invest in high-tech production methods. Our results show that the public care about reduced environmental impacts, while farmers strongly prefer increased productivity. Furthermore, the public’s willingness-to-pay for reduced environmental impacts exceeds producer’s willingness-to-accept a subsidy to invest under most scenarios. This implies a potential for more sustainable aquaculture production in Vietnam. Keywords Discrete choice experiment · Externalities · High-tech production · Shrimp aquaculture · Sustainability
1 Introduction The growth in global aquaculture production has significantly contributed to addressing the lack of sustainability in wild fisheries, helped meet the worldwide increase in demand for animal protein (FAO 2019), and has become a source of income for rural and coastal communities, especially in developing countries (Klinger and Naylor 2012). Developing * Bui Bich Xuan [email protected] 1
Nha Trang University, 02 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang, Vietnam
2
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsö, Norway
3
Economics Division, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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countries account for 88% of worldwide aquaculture production (Klinger and Naylor 2012; Engle et al. 2017). However, there is an ongoing debate about the severity of the environmental impacts of aquaculture production on water quality, coastal habitats and ecosystems, and the salinization of groundwater (Páez-Osuna 2001; Senarath and Visvanathan 2001; Jackson et al. 2004; Trai et al. 2007; Anh et al. 2010; Bui et al. 2013; Ha et al. 2014; Pham et al. 2018). The cost of these negative externalities are borne by society and felt keenly by the aquaculture producers, given the negative impact of pollution on production possib
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