Potential impact of tissue molecular heterogeneity on ambient mass spectrometry profiles: a note of caution in choosing
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REVIEW
Potential impact of tissue molecular heterogeneity on ambient mass spectrometry profiles: a note of caution in choosing the right disease model Lauren Katz 1,2 & Michael Woolman 1,2 & Alessandra Tata 3 & Arash Zarrine-Afsar 1,2,4,5 Received: 21 August 2020 / Revised: 2 November 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This review provides a summary of known molecular alterations in commonly used cancer models and strives to stipulate how they may affect ambient mass spectrometry profiles. Immortalized cell lines are known to accumulate mutations, and xenografts derived from cell lines are known to contain tumour microenvironment elements from the host animal. While the use of human specimens for mass spectrometry profiling studies is highly encouraged, patient-derived xenografts with low passage numbers could provide an alternative means of amplifying material for ambient MS research when needed. Similarly, genetic preservation of patient tissue seen in some organoid models, further verified by qualitative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, may argue in favor of organoid suitability for certain ambient profiling studies. However, to choose the appropriate model, pre-evaluation of the model’s molecular characteristics in the context of the research question(s) being asked will likely provide the most appropriate strategy to move research forward. This can be achieved by performing comparative ambient MS analysis of the disease model of choice against a small amount of patient tissue to verify concordance. Disease models, however, will continue to be useful tools to orthogonally validate metabolic states of patient tissues through controlled genetic alterations that are not possible with patient specimens. Keywords Ambient mass spectrometry . Animal models of cancer . Cell line models of disease . Lipid imaging and analysis . Mass spectrometry imaging . Metabolomics
State of the art Published in the topical collection Mass Spectrometry Imaging 2.0 with guest editors Shane R. Ellis and Tiffany Porta Siegel. * Arash Zarrine-Afsar [email protected] 1
Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1P5, Canada
2
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
3
Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
4
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
5
Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
The past decade has seen a sharp rise in reports that describe ambient mass spectrometry (MS) analysis methods to characterize biological tissues. Ambient ion sources use either (1) aerosolization (e.g. through lasers or thermal methods such as cauterization), or (2) solvent
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