Preclinical study of the medicinal plants for the treatment of malignant melanoma
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Preclinical study of the medicinal plants for the treatment of malignant melanoma Fatma Aydoğmuş‑Öztürk1,2,3 · Humera Jahan3 · Mehmet Öztürk4 · Keriman Günaydın1 · Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary3,5,6 Received: 23 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and originates from pigment-containing cells called melanocytes. The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide. In the current study, the cytotoxic and photo-cytotoxic activities of different medicinal plants from Lamiaceae (Salvia cedronella, Salvia chionantha, and Salvia adenophylla), Asteraceae (Klasea kurdica, Klasea bornmuelleri, and Achillea millefolium), Apiaceae (Cuminum cyminum, and Anethum graveolens), and Polygonaceae (Rumex crispus) families were studied against HT 144 (Human malignant melanoma) cancer cell lines. The activities were performed by employing the MTT assay. Moreover, the apoptotic effects of the plant extracts were investigated by flow cytometry with annexin V/PI dual staining technique. The production of intracellular ROS by DCFH-DA technique and the effects of TNF-α secretion on apoptosis were also investigated. All plant extracts exhibited cytotoxic, and photo-cytotoxic effects against HT 144 cancer cells. Salvia species and Klasea species induced apoptosis via intracellular ROS generation secreted by TNF-α. On the other hand, A. millefolium, C. cyminum, A. graveolens, and R. crispus extracts induced apoptosis due to the intracellular generation of ROS, but, via the different pathway. In conclusion, this study indicates that the tested medicinal plant extracts have the potential in the treatment of melanoma. Keywords Melanoma · Apoptosis · Lamiaceae · Asteraceae · Apiaceae · Polygonaceae Abbreviations HT 144 Malignant melanoma cell lines RNO p-Nitrosodimethylaniline DCFH-DA 2′,7′-Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha * Fatma Aydoğmuş‑Öztürk [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
2
Köyceğiz Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48800 Muğla, Turkey
3
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48121 Muğla, Turkey
5
H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
6
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate
Introduction Cancer, a group of diseases, is the second leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. The mortality rate due to cancer is pro
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