Pregnancy status and thyroid function in semi-intensive-kept Marecha she-camels ( Camelus dromedarius ): managerial impl
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Pregnancy status and thyroid function in semi-intensive-kept Marecha she-camels (Camelus dromedarius): managerial implications Asim Faraz 1 & Carlos Iglesias Pastrana 2 & Annamaria Passantino 3 & Ayman Balla Mustafa 4 & Abdul Waheed 1 & Nasir Ali Tauqir 5 & Muhammad Shahid Nabeel 6 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Pakistani Marecha dromedaries, a distinctive breed not covered in the empirical data of the literature reviewed existing for thyroidal physiology in camels, are subjected to investigate thyroid function in pregnant multiparous (n = 22) and non-pregnant nor lactating (n = 22) females. The function of the thyroid gland in pubescent she-camels has evoked discrepancies among researchers exploring this topic in different breeds evolving in divergent environments. Despite season, age, sex, reproductive status, health disorders, and stress are reported as potential modulating factors, these research studies failed to find statistically significant results supporting their hypothesis. For the current research, serum samples were obtained twice a week during one month from semi-intensive-kept Marecha she-camels and analyzed for triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Feed ingredients and additives were quality assessed to examine their nutrient profile, with special attention to protein content and exogenous calcium administration. Statistical differences in serum thyroid hormone levels were found between gravid and nongravid females, being pregnant she-camels the subgroup with higher levels (P < 0.05). The genetic background of such phenotypic variability in thyroid metabolism in camels has to be further addressed to adapt husbandry practices for breed-specific requirements. Meanwhile, local management strategies are susceptible of accurate routines for sustainable farming. Keywords Camelus dromedarius . Marecha camel . Reproduction . Thyroid metabolism . Semi-intensive management system
Introduction This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Camelids Guest Editor: Bernard Faye * Carlos Iglesias Pastrana [email protected] 1
Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
2
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cordoba, Spain
3
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
4
Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
5
Department of Animal Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
6
Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Camel Breeding and Research Station Rakh Mahni, Bhakkar, Pakistan
Despite camels being rather disregarded over centuries, global economic interests are progressively driving camel production to modern intensive farming systems towards the exploitation of marketing opportunities and chain effectiveness (Iglesias et al. 2020). The total camel population in Pakistan is the 8th largest within
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