Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a camel ( Camelus dromedarius )
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(2020) 16:435
CASE REPORT
Open Access
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a camel (Camelus dromedarius) J. A. Infantes-Lorenzo1, B. Romero2, A. Rodríguez-Bertos2,3, A. Roy4, J. Ortega2,5, L. de Juan2,5, I. Moreno1, M. Domínguez1, L. Domínguez2,5 and J. Bezos2,5*
Abstract Background: Animal tuberculosis (TB) is distributed worldwide and has a wide range of wild and domestic reservoirs. Few studies concerning TB in camelids have been published in the last decade, particularly as regards Old World Camelids (OWC), but the increase in reports of TB outbreaks in these species in recent years suggests a high susceptibility to the infection. Case presentation: We studied a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) herd (n = 24) in which a Mycobacterium caprae infection was detected. The TB infection was confirmed in one animal at necropsy through the detection of TB lesions, mainly in the abdominal organs, and the subsequent isolation of M. caprae (SB0157 spoligotype). The whole herd was additionally tested using cellular and humoral based diagnostic techniques. The intradermal tuberculin test results were compared with those obtained using P22 ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies against the M. tuberculosis complex. The TB infected animal was a positive reactor to both the intradermal tuberculin tests and P22 ELISA, while the others were negative to all the diagnostic tests. Conclusion: The present study found M. caprae infection in OWC. This is the first report of M. caprae infection in an OWC not living in a zoo. Since the animal was born in the herd and fed with goat’s milk, this practice was suspected to be the potential source of TB infection, which was not confirmed in the other animals present in the herd. Moreover, our results highlight that the intradermal tuberculin test and the P22 ELISA could be valuable tools for the diagnosis of TB in OWC. Keywords: Animal tuberculosis, Diagnostic tests, Mycobacterium caprae, Old World Camelids, Pathology
Background Tuberculosis (TB) in animals is a zoonotic disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), mainly M. bovis and M. caprae, and continues to be one of the most widespread animal diseases in the world [1]. Mycobacteria belonging to the MTBC have been isolated from a great variety of domestic and wild animals, including both South American * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain 5 Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Camelids (SAC) (llama, alpaca and vicuna) and Old World Camelids (OWC) (Bactrian camel and dromedary) [2–6]. Another member of the MTBC, M. microti, has been described as a causative agent of camel TB [6]. Moreover, M. kansasii, M. aquae, M. fortuitum, M. smegmatis and M. avium complex have also been isolated from camelids’ TB [7]. While TB infection in SAC has been the o
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