Preliminary Study on Gene Expression of Chitinase-Like Cytokines in Human Airway Epithelial Cell Under Chitin and Chitos
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Preliminary Study on Gene Expression of Chitinase-Like Cytokines in Human Airway Epithelial Cell Under Chitin and Chitosan Microparticles Treatment Masumeh Alimohammadi,1 Farshid Yeganeh,1,2 and Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini1,3,4
Abstract—Small-sized chitin and chitosan microparticles (MPs) reduce allergic inflammation. We examined the capacity of these glycans to stimulate A549 human airway epithelial cells to determine the feasibility of using of these glycans as allergic therapeutic modality. A549 cells were treated with MPs and then expressions levels of chitinase domain-containing 1 (CHID1) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. IL-6 production was measured by ELISA. Chitin MPs resulted in upregulation of CHI3L1 expression by 35.7-fold while mRNA expression did not change with chitosan MPs. Compared to the untreated group, production of IL-6 was significantly decreased in the chitosan MPs-treated group, but chitin MPs treatment cause elevation of IL-6 level. This study demonstrates that chitin potently induces CHI3L1 expression, but chitosan is relatively inert. This effect and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) suggest that chitosan MPs may possess more potential for therapeutic uses in human airway allergic inflammation. KEY WORDS: chitin; chitosan; chitinase-like proteins; allergic inflammation.
INTRODUCTION Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. The main properties of chitin, such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and biodegradability in the body, have been already described. Chitin and chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, could be used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications [1]. Recently, several studies have investigated the immunological effects of chitin and chitosan [2–5]. Shibata et al. reported that chitin activates macrophages and other innate immune 1
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advance Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Phitochemistry Recearch Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
cells and modulates adaptive type-2 allergic inflammation [5]. However, chitin is a size-dependent stimulator of the immune system [6] which modest-sized fragments (40– 70 μm) inducing pro-inflammatory, while small sized fragments (
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