Preparation and adaptive optimization of disposable all-printed urea sensor
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Preparation and adaptive optimization of disposable all‑printed urea sensor Wang Xu1 · Xiaoping Yang1 · Yujie Zhao1 · Meiying Fan1 · Jun Liu1 · Peng Pan1 · Zhengchun Yang1 · Qiwen Bao1 · Luyang Jin1 · Zhenyu Liao2,3 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Urea is an important molecule in physiology and industry. The detection of urea by electrochemical sensors has broad application prospects in food detection and kidney disease screening. This paper introduces the preparation method of MWCNT/ PANi electronic ink and its composite electrode, which was applied to the detection of urea. The linear range of the MWCNT/ PANi composite electrode was increased by adjusting the concentration of MWCNT. The maximum linear range was 10 to 100 μM when 5.6 mg MWCNT was added. The sensitivity of the electrode was 2.435 × 10−4 mA mM−1 cm−2 and the detection limit was 53.9 nM. At the same time, an algorithm was proposed to identify and analyze the data collected by the electrochemical workstation in view of the errors existing in the calculation of the electrochemical sensor when analyzing the optimal response voltage of the electrode. This method was used to set constraints and screen the optimal working voltage. Experimental results show that this method has certain advantages.
1 Introduction Urea detection plays an important role [1] in food safety [2, 3], environmental monitoring [4, 5], biotechnology, etc. Urea is a routine biochemical index [6–8] for the assessment of renal function. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the urea levels. Researchers have been working on developing cheaper, more sensitive urea sensors that exhibit better electrochemical performance. Electrochemical methods have become more attractive due to their low cost, excellent sensitivity, portability, and reliability [9]. For example, cyclic voltammetry (C–V) has been considered as a powerful * Jun Liu [email protected] * Peng Pan [email protected] * Zhenyu Liao [email protected] 1
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
2
Pony Testing International Group, Tianjin 300110, China
3
Tianjin Food Safety Inspection Technology Institute, Tianjin 300308, China
electrochemical method because it is often used for quantitative analysis of redox process, with simple operation and high detection sensitivity. The methods for detecting urea also include coulometry [10, 11], current–potential (I–V) techniques [12], gas chromatography [13, 14], and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [1, 15]. PANI is a very important conductive polymer, which has received extensive attention due to its electrochemical activity, easy synthesis, and good processability [16, 17]. MWCNT has attracted researchers working in the field of electrochemistry due to its excellent conducting and mechanical prop
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