Preparation and photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgCl-modified cubic ZHS hollow particles
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Yiming He Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Tinghua Wua) and Ying Wub) Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Received 26 December 2013; accepted 24 April 2014)
SnZn(OH)6 (ZHS) hollow cubes were synthesized by a facile self-templated method at room temperature, and Ag/AgCl/ZHS particles were prepared by a photodepositing method. The crystalline structure and morphology of the prepared particles were characterized by x-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption. The results indicated that the particles had almost uniform monoclinic geometry and size. The photocatalytic oxidation of Rhodamine B was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized photocatalysts. It is found that the hollow Ag/AgCl/ZHS showed the highest catalytic performance under visible or UV light, which can be attributed to the synergetic effect of Ag, AgCl, and ZHS.
I. INTRODUCTION
ZnSn(OH)6 (ZHS) is a kind of typical perovskitestructured hydroxide materials.1 In the compound, the metal atoms are octahedrally coordinated with oxygen atoms to form Sn(OH)6 and Zn(OH)6 polyhedra, which share their “O” corners to build the structural framework.2 ZHS has shown extraordinary performance as flame-, smoke-, and toxic gas-retardant.3 It is mainly used as a kind of novel, nontoxic flame-retardant and environment-friendly polymeric materials.4–6 Recently, it is found that ZHS exhibits good photocatalytic activity in dye degradation.7–9 Several methods have been developed to prepare ZHS, including solid-state metathesis approaches, solvothermal reactions, hydrothermal reactions, and wet sonochemical methods.10,11 The ZHS prepared via varying methods exhibited different photocatalytic activities. Wang et al. synthesized single-crystalline ZnSn(OH)6 hollow cubes via self-templated synthesis at room temperature, which exhibited certain photocatalytic activity for the degradation of phenol under UV light irradiation.12 In our previous study, we found that various morphologies of ZHS particles show different photocatalytic performance. Hollow cubes ZHS have a larger surface area, larger adsorption capacity, and higher crystallinity than Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2014.102 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 29, No. 10, May 28, 2014
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the particles with other morphologies. Hence, hollow ZHS exhibited better photoactivity than other samples. However, ZHS, as a ternary wide band gap semiconductor (3.2–4.2 eV), can only be excited to produce electron–hole pairs under UV light irradiation,13 which is only 3–5% of solar irradiation. This greatly limited the usage of ZHS. To extend the optical response of photocatalyst to the visible light region, various approaches have been used to modify it, including
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