Preparation and superior electrochemical performance of hollow SnO 2 @C composites as anode materials for high-performan
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preparation and superior electrochemical performance of hollow SnO2@C composites as anode materials for high-performance lithium ion batteries Yuanhua Zhou 1 & Xianggui Ming 2 & Lu Ren 2 & Hangming Liu 1 & Xianzhong Yi 1 Received: 28 June 2020 / Revised: 12 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract SnO2-based composites have drawn much attention as anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their high specific capacity. However, they also suffer from rapid capacity fading, which is attributed the poor electronic conductivity and severe volume change. Therefore, it is important to enhance the electronic conductivity and inhibit the volume change at the same time. Based on this theme, herein, hollow SnO2@C composites with perfect structure and high electronic conductivity are synthesized and used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The as-prepared hollow SnO2@C composites exhibit high initial specific capacity of 1628 mAh g−1 at 0.1C. The superior electrochemical performance is due to the hollow sphere structure of hollow SnO2@C composites, which could provide novel synthetic method for improving electronic conductivity and buffer the volume change. Keywords Tin oxide . Hollow structure . Li-ion batteries . Specific capacity
Introduction Lithium ion batteries are promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage of various applications [1, 2], such as electric vehicles and portable electronics, due to their high energy density and high specific capacity [3, 4]. Among the components in the lithium ion batteries, anode plays a key role for the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion batteries [5]. So far, natural/synthetic graphite or hard carbon is often used as anode materials in lithium ion batteries [6] . However, there are still some disadvantages for these anodes, such as low specific capacity and lithiation potential, causing severe lithium dendrite growth upon electrochemical cycles [7–9]. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new anode materials for the lithium ion batteries [10].
* Yuanhua Zhou [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China
2
Engineering Technology Research Institute, BHDC, Renqiu 062550, Hebei, China
Tin oxide, one of the metal oxides, has drawn much attention as anode materials due to their high specific capacity of 781 mAh g−1 [11, 12]. During the past decades, many works have reported the employment of SnO2 anode in the lithium ion batteries [13–16]. As we all know, SnO2 anode suffers from huge volume change and poor electronic conductivity, which lead to poor cycling stability and rate capability during the lithiation/delithiation process [17–19]. To overcome these issues, many strategies have been tried to improve the electrochemical performance [20]. For instance, Li et al. prepared SnO2 nanofibers to inhibit the volume change for improving the cycle performance and rate capability [21]. Besides, excellent electroch
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