Preparation of micro/nanometer-sized porous surface structure of calcium phosphate scaffolds and the influence on biocom
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ngyu Zhuang State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
Pengjian Li State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
Cijun Shuaia) State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China; and Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, South Carolina
Shuping Pengb) Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People’s Republic of China (Received 15 September 2013; accepted 24 April 2014)
Multilayer stereo micro/nanometer-sized porous surface structures were prepared by selective chemical etching of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HAP)/b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) weight ratios of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 in phosphoric acid solution. The porous surface structures revealed periodic fluctuations in the observed heights of micro/nanometer-sized needles. And the average height increased from 0.59 6 0.02 to 12.09 6 0.03 lm when the b-TCP content in BCP scaffolds rose from 10 to 50%. In vivo cell tests using MG-63 cells (belonging to the human osteosarcoma cell line) revealed that micro/nanometer-sized pores on the scaffold surface could provide location for cell adhesion and migration and facilitate the formation of gap junction between cells. The BCP scaffold with 40% b-TCP exhibited the optimal surface structure for cell seeding and growth due to the largest number of micro/nanometer-sized pores on the surface. However, excessive b-TCP led to the damage of micro/nanometer-sized porous surface structure, which further impeded the cell interaction.
I. INTRODUCTION
The surface structure of scaffold plays a critical role in osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis for bone tissue engineering (BTE).1,2 A suitable surface structure could enhance the bonding strength at implant-bone interface and accelerate cell adhesion and proliferation, thereby shortening the healing time.3,4 It has been demonstrated that a multilayer stereo porous structure on the surface of the scaffold could stimulate the production of osteoblasts and reduce the chances of rejection.5–7 The multilayer porous structure is believed to provide more contact area for cell adhesion and implant-bone interface in comparison with smooth surface, since the vacant volume of porosity can be colonized by osteoblasts.8–10 To improve Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2014.100 1144
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 29, No. 10, May 28, 2014
http://journals.cambridge.org
Downloaded: 13 Mar 2015
the biocompatibility of scaffolds for BTE applications, different approaches have been adopted in an effort to obtain the optimal surface structure, including plasma-ion beam treatment,11,12 electric discharge,1
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