Preparation of Photocatalizers Based on Titanium Dioxide Synthesized Using a Microreactor with Colliding Jets
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eparation of Photocatalizers Based on Titanium Dioxide Synthesized Using a Microreactor with Colliding Jets Yu. S. Kudryashovaa, A. V. Zdravkova, *, V. L. Ugolkova, and R. Sh. Abieva, b aGrebenshchikov bSt.
Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg, 190013 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 10, 2019; revised March 26, 2020; accepted April 3, 2020
Abstract—In a microreactor with colliding jets using solutions of titanium tetraisopropylate and water in isopropyl alcohol, a number of titanium dioxide powders are obtained. It is shown that an additional heat treatment of samples up to 350°C for 30 min is sufficient for the formation of the anatase phase. The developed method allows synthesis in a short time, provides low energy consumption, does not require labor-intensive operations, and is technological and easily scalable. Keywords: titanium dioxide, photocatalysis, colliding jet microreactor DOI: 10.1134/S1087659620040082
Many nanocrystalline oxide materials have useful applied functional properties: electrical, magnetic, photocatalytic, etc. [1, 2]. Titanium dioxide occupies a special place among photocatalysts. This is due to its oxidative potential, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and relatively low price. Considerable attention is being paid to develop new methods for the synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 to control the size of particles, their shape, degree of crystallinity, crystalline modification, surface properties, etc. Solution synthesis methods, especially the hydrothermal method, which allows us to obtain various crystalline modifications of titanium dioxide in a highly dispersed state, are considered the most promising solutions to these problems. Using a number of inorganic precursors—titanium dioxide [3], titanyl sulfate [4–6], titanium tetrafluoride [7, 8]—and varying the temperature, concentration of reagents, and electrolyte composition, we can control the structure and photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 using titanium alkoxides, mainly tetra-n-butylate and titanium tetraisopropylate, as starting reagents, is another important method [9–11]. In the classical method, synthesis is carried out in a large amount of excess water, it is not possible to control the speed of the process or the size and morphology of the formed nanoparticles [12]. In recent years, methods have been developed to synthesize titanium oxide, based on modifications of the sol-gel method using organic solvents in the presence of a limited amount of water [13], when water is generated during the reaction in situ [14] or using various reagents for cleavage of the alkoxide
bond, for example, benzyl alcohol [15]. Another way to obtain particles of uniform size and morphology is to instantly distribute the reacting components in volume. In this respect, the method of colliding jets in a closed volume for the synthesis of titan
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