Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Solids and Their Mechanical Properties
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Preparation of single-walled carbon nanotube solids and their mechanical properties Go Yamamotoa) Fracture and Reliability Research Institute, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
Yoshinori Sato Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
Toru Takahashi, Mamoru Omori, and Toshiyuki Hashida Fracture and Reliability Research Institute, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
Akira Okubo and Sadao Watanabe Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
Kazuyuki Tohji Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan (Received 4 April 2005; accepted 10 June 2005)
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were successfully solidified without any additives by hot-pressing and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The elastic modulus and fracture strength of the SWCNT solid prepared by the SPS method were about three and two times higher than that of the hot-pressed SWCNT solid prepared under the same processing condition. The enhancement of the mechanical properties of the SPS specimen may be due to the formation of comparatively stronger bond between SWCNTs, which is possibly brought about by the spark plasma generated in the SPS process.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been the subject of intense research since their discovery1 due to their novel properties and potential applications.2 In particular, medical applications of CNTs have attracted a great deal of attention.3–5 Carbon composites have been proposed as an alternative biomaterial for dental and internal organs that require high strength with lightweight property. Until now, C/C composites have been considered for artificial heart valves and tooth roots.6,7 However, the mechanical strength has not been high enough for such applications. In contrast, CNTs have unique mechanical properties such as approximately 270–1470 GPa elastic modulus and 11–63 GPa tensile strength.8,9 We believe that the CNTs have the potential to replace traditional biomaterials. Recently, Sato et al.5 have done biocompatibility tests of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) disks solidified using a phenol resin as the binding agent. The MWCNT specimen 1.5 × 1.5 × 5.0
a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2005.0345 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 20, No. 10, Oct 2005
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mm in size was implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue in the abdominal region of Wister strain rats. The experimental results have shown that an inflammatory response was observed in the tissue exposed to the surface of the MWCNT specimen. They attributed the inflammatory response to the residue of undecomposed phenol resin in the MWCNT specimen. This may call for the need to prepare a binder-free CNT solid. Here, we have successfully produced binder-free single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solids with highly pure SWCNTs using a hot-pressing method and a s
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