Preparation of TiO 2 -(B)/SnO 2 nanostructured composites and its performance as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
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Preparation of TiO2-(B)/SnO2 nanostructured composites and its performance as anodes for lithium-ion batteries Nayely Pineda-Aguilar1,2,a), Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez2, Eduardo M. Sánchez-Cervantes1, Lorena L. Garza-Tovar1,b) 1
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, Mexico Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, C.P. 66628 Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 16 April 2020; accepted: 24 July 2020
TiO2-(B)/SnO2 nanostructured composites have been prepared by the combination of an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion reaction method (MRM) and a hydrothermal method. Its electrochemical properties were investigated as anode materials in lithium-ion battery, and characterization was carried out by XRD, BET, Raman, FE-SEM, EDXS, and TEM. The as-prepared composites consisted of monoclinic phase TiO2-(B) nanoribbons decorated with cassiterite structure SnO2 nanoparticles. The electrochemical performance of the TiO2-(B)/SnO2 50/50 nanocomposite electrode showed higher reversible capacity of 265 mAh/g than that of the pure SnO2 electrode, 79 mAh/g, after 50 cycles at 0.1 C in a voltage range of 0.01-3.0 V at room temperature. In addition, the coulombic efficiency of the TiO2-(B)/SnO2 50/50 nanocomposite remains at an average greater than 90% from the 2nd to the 50th cycles. The TiO2-(B)/SnO2 50/50 nanocomposite presented the best balance between the mechanical support effect provided by TiO2-(B) that also contributes to the LIB capacity and the SnO2 that provides high specific capacity.
Introduction Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used for various applications, including portable electronic devices, portable tools, and as power sources for large and heavy equipment such as electric vehicles. LIBs are considered as promising power sources for the next-generation electric vehicles [1]. Commercial graphite is the typical anode for LIBs; it has a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. However, it cannot meet the growing demand for high-performance batteries. Therefore, fundamental improvements to electrochemically active electrodes and efforts to explore new lithium storage materials with higher capacity have been made [2]. The use of SnO2 as anode stands out, thanks to its high specific lithium storage capacity, 782 mAh/g, compared to that of graphite. However, this material has some drawbacks such as a high volume of expansion (up to 258%) during the alloying and dealloying process of Li–Sn, and unfortunately, this generates electrode pulverization and loss of electrical contact which results in poor cycling performance [3].
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To overcome these drawbacks, three strategies have been proposed: (a) reducing particle size resulting in a high surface area to increase the contact area between the active materials
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