Recent progress on FeS 2 as anodes for metal-ion batteries
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Recent progress on FeS2 as anodes for metal-ion batteries Xin Li, Shi-Han Qi, Wen-Chao Zhang*
, Yue-Zhan Feng, Jian-Min Ma*
Received: 30 March 2020 / Revised: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 Ó The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The ever-growing demand for advanced battery technologies with high energy and power density, high security, prolonged cycle life, and sustainably low cost requires the development of novel electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as well as the alternative electrochemical energy storage technologies of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) for their abundant alkali metal elements resources. Among various anode materials, such as graphite, organic compounds, metal oxides, and chalcogenides, iron sulfides have attracted substantial interests for their high theoretical capacity and low price. Specifically, as a common mineral that has been already applied as electrode for primary battery, ferrous disulfide (FeS2) has been regarded as one of the promising candidate anode materials and studied widely. Unfortunately, there are some inherent problems handicapping its practical application for alkali-ion batteries, including limited ionic/electrical conductivity, the formation of soluble polysulfides, and large volume change. In the last decade, massive efforts have been
X. Li, S.-H. Qi, J.-M. Ma* School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China e-mail: [email protected] W.-C. Zhang* Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia e-mail: [email protected] Y.-Z. Feng Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
devoted to solving those problems. In this review, the various synthesis strategies, the effect of morphologies and particle sizes, the energy storage mechanisms, and the electrochemical performances of FeS2 as anode for alkaliion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs) are summarized. Furthermore, the existing challenges and prospects of the development of FeS2-based anode materials for alkali-ion batteries are presented at last. Keywords Ferrous disulfide; Alkali-ion batteries; Anode; Energy storage; Synthesis strategies
1 Introduction With the environmental pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels, renewable clean energy is the most popular research theme in these years [1–4]. Renewable energy is inexhaustible, harmless to the environment, widely distributed, and suitable for local development [5–8]. Lithiumion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in our life. However, the uneven distribution of lithium resources hinders the development of LIBs [9–12]. Since sodium ions and potassium ions have similar properties to lithium
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