Preparation of ZnO/carbon-TiO 2 core-sheath nanofibers film with enhanced photocatalytic properties
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Preparation of ZnO/carbon‑TiO2 core‑sheath nanofibers film with enhanced photocatalytic properties Lixin Song1 · Lei Ning1 · Jifeng Zhai1 · Yingli Guan1 · Huizhen Ke2 · Xiong Jie1 Received: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract ZnO/carbon-TiO2 core-sheath nanofibrous film was fabricated by a combination of electrospinning, tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) treatment and heated treatment. The results of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction revealed that the wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles were successfully incorporated in carbon nanofibers (NFs) matrix without aggregation. And a uniform TiO2 layer consisting of anatase and rutile covered on the surface of the ZnO/C NFs. The ZnO/C-TiO2 core-sheath NFs film was used to photodegrade rhodamine B and exhibited the photocatalytic efficiency of 98.8%, which was much higher than that of ZnO NFs and ZnO/C NFs. This might be attributed to the ZnO/CTiO2 core-sheath structure with high separation efficiency of photo-generated electrons and holes. Moreover, ZnO/C-TiO2 core-sheath NFs could be easily recycled without decrease of photocatalytic activity. Keywords ZnO · Carbon · TiO2 · Core-sheath nanofibers · Photocatalysis
1 Introduction In recent years, environmental problems such as organic pollutants and toxic pollutants have aroused a heated interest. Photocatalysis is a great potential to complete elimination of pollutants in the environment [1, 2]. The semiconductors such as TiO2 [3, 4], ZnO [5, 6], and SnO2 [7, 8] have been the subject of great research interest due their high photocatalytic activity, nontoxicity, and low-cost. In general, semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) with huge specific surface area are used as photocatalyst. However, the large charge-carrier recombination loss due to the low charge-carrier mobility of NPs, limits the increase of photocatalytic activity [9, 10]. In addition, the suspended particulate catalysts are difficult to recycle, which may repollute the treated water. To overcome these problems, many * Huizhen Ke [email protected] * Xiong Jie [email protected] 1
College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang SciTech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
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strategies are adopted to enhance the photocatalytic activity and reusability, including doping [11], surface sensitization [12], composite materials [13], and the control of morphology [14]. The employment of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, especially nanofibers (NFs), has been attempted to improve both the photocatalytic activity and reversibility [15]. Moreover, the semiconductors NFs can be simply prepared via electrospinning in large-scale [16]. Unfortunately, the semiconductors NFs are easily broken and difficult to recycle due to their poor mechanical property during photocatalytic degradation [17]. As known, carbon na
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