Easy preparation of SnO 2 @carbon composite nanofibers with improved lithium ion storage properties
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Guodong Du Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Zaiping Guoa) Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, and School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Xuebin Yu Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
Zhixin Chen School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
Peng Zhang Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Guonan Chen Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
Huakun Liu Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (Received 30 December 2009; accepted 15 March 2010)
SnO2@carbon nanofibers were synthesized by a combination of electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatments in air and then in argon to demonstrate their potential use as an anode material in lithium ion battery applications. The as-prepared SnO2@carbon nanofibers consist of SnO2 nanoparticles/nanocrystals encapsulated in a carbon matrix and contain many mesopores. Because of the charge pathways, both for the electrons and the lithium ions, and the buffering function provided by both the carbon encapsulating the SnO2 nanoparticles and the mesopores, which tends to alleviate the volumetric effects during the charge/discharge cycles, the nanofibers display a greatly improved reversible capacity of 420 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a constant current of 100 mA/g, and a sharply enhanced reversible capacity at higher rates (0.5, 1, and 2 C) compared with pure SnO2 nanofibers, which makes it a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. I. INTRODUCTION
Many metal oxides,1–4 as promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries, have attracted considerable attention as their high capacity compares with that of graphite (372 mAh/g).5,6 Among those metal oxides, tin dioxide has attracted particular interest because of its a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2010.0194
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http://journals.cambridge.org
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 25, No. 8, Aug 2010 Downloaded: 07 Dec 2014
high capacity (781 mAh/g).6 Nevertheless, practical implementation of SnO2 in lithium-ion batteries is greatly frustrated by the large initial irreversible capacity induced by Li2O formation and the abrupt capacity fading caused by volume variation (up to 258%7). Myriad charge transport and electronic conduction issues8 have been attributed to these factors, and they have turned out to be major obstacles that militate against any practical use of SnO2. There may be two b
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