Pressure Sensor Based on Quantum Well-structured Photonic Crystal
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pressure Sensor Based on Quantum Well-structured Photonic Crystal Bhuvneshwer Suthar 1 & Anami Bhargava 2 Received: 23 March 2020 / Revised: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In the present communication, the strain sensitive quantum well-structured photonic crystal has been utilized to realize a pressure sensor device. The quantum well-structure in one dimensional photonic crystal opens a channel into the photonic bandgap. The channel can be tuned with the refractive index of material, which depends on parameter, i.e. pressure. This tunability of the channel with the applied pressure is used in high pressure sensor application. The proposed sensor can work in the range between 0 and 6 GPa corresponding to wavelength range 1509–1550 nm. The proposed sensor has a high quality factor, sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) as ~ 105, 6.74 nm/GPa, 872.43 /GPa, respectively. Keywords Photonic Quantum Well (PQW) structure . Pressure sensor . Sensitivity . Transfer Matrix Method etc
1 Introduction Photonic crystals (PCs) have a great deal of interest among the researchers due to their tremendous control over the propagation of electromagnetic wave inside the crystal. It is due to their periodic structure which cause photonic band gap (PBG) similar to semiconductors for the electrons in periodic lattice [1]. Due to the PBG, PCs have many potential applications in optical communications such as photonic crystal waveguide, optical filters, optical switches, tunable filters, optical sensors etc. [2–6]. Now, the interest to design and development of microsensors has drastically grown due to rapid development of the nanotechnology. PCs having an application in sensor is a new field of interest that has potential for sensing external parameters such as temperature and pressure with high sensitivity [7, 8]. PC sensors are also having the advantage of their ultra-compact size and fast response which attracts the researchers’ interest to work in this field. In this paper, we study the one-dimensional quantum well-structured photonic crystal as a sensor application.
* Bhuvneshwer Suthar [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, M.L.B. Government College, Nokha 334803, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Physics, Government Dungar College, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
The quantum well structure works as a channel filter with a very high quality factor. The filter channel corresponds to resonance wavelength which depends on the parameters of quantum well. As the refractive index of material is a function of external parameters such as temperature, pressure [9, 10]. Thus, the filter channel shifts with the applied pressure. This device shows the sensitivity of 6.74 nm/GPa.
2 Theoretical Model & Method The PQW structure having the sequence (AB)5/C/(BA)5 is shown in Fig. 1. For the structure, A and C have the refractive index n1, while B has refractive index n2. The layer C has the thickness larger than A and works as a defect. Applying the transfer matrix method (TMM),
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