Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella spp. From Irrigation Water in Two Major Sources in Jordan
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella spp. From Irrigation Water in Two Major Sources in Jordan Shereen Z. Burjaq1 · Saeid M. Abu‑Romman2 Received: 7 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Irrigation water could be a direct source of pathogenic microorganisms that contaminates fresh produce and causes human diseases. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and its serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis, antimicrobial susceptibility and multidrug resistance (MDR) status, and seasonal variation, of Salmonella spp. in irrigation water of King Abdullah Canal (KAC) and Wadi Shueib (WS) in Jordan. The study results demonstrated that 32.2% (29/90) of irrigation water was contaminated with Salmonella spp. and the irrigation water of WS was found highly contaminated (62.1%) with Salmonella spp. compared to KAC (37.9%). In addition, higher prevalence of Salmonella were recorded in spring (33.3%) and summer (36.3%) seasons, compared to winter seasons. Among the contaminated irrigation water samples, prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium serotype was found in (37.9%) (11/29) samples, while S. Enteritidis was absent. The most common antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was observed as tetracycline (11/29, 37.9%) and 6 (20.7%) Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were found multidrug resistance (MDR). Thus, this study results confirmed that the irrigation water was contaminated with pathogenic MDR Salmonella spp.
Introduction Irrigation water could be a direct source for contamination in the production field and a vehicle for spreading pathogens to fresh produce that causes human diseases [1]. Many research articles have been published which highlight irrigation water as a source of pathogenic microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables [2–4]. The available literature indicated that the levels and prevalence of pathogenic food-borne bacteria in irrigation water significantly varies depending on several factors including seasonality, geographical location and weather conditions among others [5]. Salmonella is a gram negative bacilli, composed of two species: Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. The second species is made Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02178-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shereen Z. Burjaq [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, AlBalqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206, Salt 19117, Jordan
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
2
up of six subspecies [6]. This genus is very various, it was reported to be subdivided into several serotypes based on the presence of O antigen in the lipopolysaccharide, and H antigen in the flagella. More than 2500 serotypes of Salmonella cause disease in human [7] and most of the reported worldwide food-borne outbr
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