Principles of Solidification An Introduction to Modern Casting and C
“Principles of Solidification” offers comprehensive descriptions of liquid-to-solid transitions encountered in shaped casting, welding, and non-biological bulk crystal growth processes. The book logically develops through careful presentation of relevant
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Martin Eden Glicksman
Principles of Solidification An Introduction to Modern Casting and Crystal Growth Concepts
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Martin Eden Glicksman Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-7343-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7344-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7344-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010936894 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my wife, Lucinda
Preface
How many have truly benefited from my classes I cannot judge. But I have the consolation that one person has learned much thereby, and that is me. Ludwig Boltzmann, Vienna, 1905 [1]
This book is a distillation based on more than three decades of teaching university courses and providing professional seminars on solidification, casting and welding of metals, and crystal growth. The courses themselves were offered for many years at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and, most recently, at the University of Florida. Their purpose, consistently, was to present to a variety of engineering and science students a logical progression of the essential elements of materials science relevant to molten phases and processes leading to their crystallization. This text provides a comprehensive survey of scientific and engineering fundamentals for understanding crystallization processes, dwelling especially on applications to pure materials, metallic alloys, oxides, semiconductors, and polyphase systems. The didactic approach adhered to derives in large measure from the author’s personal lecture notes that were prepared annually for one-semester courses populated by advanced undergraduate and graduate students in materials science, chemical and mechanical engineering, geology and physics. This book is designed for teaching this group, as well as for professionals interested in specific topics or exposure to integrated aspects of solidification and crystal growth. The development of most chapters included herein favors, where appropriate, a quantitative approach, augmented by scientific descriptions anchored in materials science and condensed matter physics. Familiarity with the calculus, ordinary and partial differenti
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