Prized edible Asian mushrooms: ecology, conservation and sustainability
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Prized edible Asian mushrooms: ecology, conservation and sustainability Peter E. Mortimer & Samantha C. Karunarathna & Qiaohong Li & Heng Gui & Xueqing Yang & Xuefei Yang & Jun He & Lei Ye & Jiayu Guo & Huili Li & Phongeun Sysouphanthong & Dequn Zhou & Jianchu Xu & Kevin D. Hyde Received: 10 July 2012 / Accepted: 1 August 2012 / Published online: 24 August 2012 # Mushroom Research Foundation 2012
Abstract Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial, medicinal and commercial uses. For less developed countries, such as those within the Greater Mekong Subregion, wild harvesting and mushroom cultivation provides a much-needed alternative source of income for rural households. However, this has led to over-harvesting and ultimately environmental degradation in certain areas, thus management guidelines allowing for a more sustained approach to the use of wild mushrooms is required. This article addresses a selection of the most popular and highly sought after edible mushrooms from Greater Mekong Subregion: Astraeus hygrometricus, Boletus edulis, Morchella conica, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Phlebopus portentosus, Pleurotus giganteus, Termitomyces eurhizus, Thelephora ganbajun, Tricholoma matsuake, and Tuber indicum in terms of value, ecology and conservation. The greatest
threat to these and many other mushroom species is that of habitat loss and over-harvesting of wild stocks, thus, by creating awareness of these issues we wish to enable a more sustainable use of these natural products. Thus our paper provides baseline data for these fungi so that future monitoring can establish the effects of continued harvesting on mushroom populations and the related host species.
P. E. Mortimer : X. Yang : J. Guo Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
S. C. Karunarathna : P. Sysouphanthong : K. D. Hyde Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
P. E. Mortimer : Q. Li : H. Gui : X. Yang : J. He : L. Ye : J. Xu (*) World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China e-mail: [email protected] S. C. Karunarathna : H. Gui : L. Ye : H. Li : P. Sysouphanthong : K. D. Hyde (*) Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand e-mail: [email protected] S. C. Karunarathna : H. Gui : L. Ye : H. Li : P. Sysouphanthong : K. D. Hyde School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
Keywords Mushroom species . Greater Mekong Sub-region . Medicinal foods . Non-timber forest products
Introduction Mushrooms are highly prized for their value as nutritional (Chang and Buswell 1996; Chang and Miles 2004; Carlile and Watkinson 1994) and medicinal foods (Chang and
Q. Li : X. Yang : J. He Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
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