Processing of Nitrate Solutions for the Preparation of Basic Bismuth Nitrate and Oxide
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NOLOGY OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS
Processing of Nitrate Solutions for the Preparation of Basic Bismuth Nitrate and Oxide A. S. Daminova, Yu. M. Yukhinb, *, and E. S. Naydenkob aRare
bInstitute
Metals Plant, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk oblast, 630559 Russia of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630128 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 11, 2019; revised March 4, 2019; accepted March 25, 2019
Abstract—Hydrolytic processing of bismuth-containing nitrate solutions into basic nitrate and bismuth oxide of reagent purity was studied by chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses and electron microscopy. The results were confirmed by industrial trials of the developed procedure based on the oxidation of bismuth metal dissolution of the resulting technical oxide in nitric acid, its purification from impurity metals by aqueous alkaline hydrolysis, transformation of basic bismuth nitrate into basic carbonate, and their calcination to oxide. Keywords: bismuth, oxidation, nitrate solutions, purification from impurities, hydrolysis, basic nitrate, basic carbonate, thermal decomposition DOI: 10.1134/S0040579520050097
INTRODUCTION The world consumption of bismuth is 15–16 thousand t/year. Its use in the production of compounds reaches 57.2% of world consumption, 26.4% is used for metallurgical additives, 8.8% for alloys, and 7.6% in other fields [1]. Basic nitrate is the most widely used bismuth compound; it is used in medicine for the preparation of antiulcer drugs Vicalin, Vicair, and Roter [2] and as a raw material in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds. Basic bismuth nitrates have anion exchange properties [3–6], due to which they are used as effective inorganic sorbents for extraction of carbonate and halide ions. Along with basic nitrate, bismuth oxide is widely used in technology, e.g., in the preparation of catalysts, optical glasses, pigments, luminophores, as well as ferroelectric, optoacoustic, superconducting, magnetic, and other materials [7–9]. The synthesis of bismuth compounds involves hydrolytic processing of nitric acid solutions as nitric acid is one of the best solvents for metallic bismuth and its alloys. The starting material for the synthesis of bismuth compounds is Vi1 metal (at least 98% Bi). Basic bismuth nitrate is obtained as a result of the dissolution of metal granules in nitric acid followed by hydrolytic purification of bismuth from the main impurity metals (lead, silver, copper, zinc). At the stage of solution preparation, ~50% nitric acid is released in the form of toxic nitrogen oxides into the gas phase; purification of bismuth from metals is timeconsuming [10, 11]. It was shown that it is reasonable
to obtain solutions of various bismuth salts from the metal by preliminary oxidation of the latter followed by dissolution of bismuth oxide in various mineral acids [12]. In the case of bismuth nitrate solutions, it is possible to avoid liberation of nitrogen oxides into the gas phase. This article prese
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