Production of Alpha-Alumina from Black Aluminum Dross Using NaOH Leaching Followed by Calcination
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04281-7 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
ALUMINUM: RECYCLING AND CARBON / ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT
Production of Alpha-Alumina from Black Aluminum Dross Using NaOH Leaching Followed by Calcination ¨ RK,1 MAHMUT ALTINER ,2,6 SONER TOP,3 MURAT TU SERKAN KARACA,4 and CHAFIA BOUCHEKRIT5 1.—Ceyhan Vocational School of Higher Education, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. 2.—Mining Engineering Department, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey. 3.—Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Abdullah Gul University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey. 4.—Department of Chemistry, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey. 5.—Emerging Materials Research Unit, Optics and Precision Mechanics Institute, Ferhat Abbas University Setif 1, 19000 Se´tif, Algeria. 6.—e-mail: [email protected]
The aim of this work is to produce a-alumina particles from aluminum (Al) dross via leaching–precipitation–calcination processes. In the leaching test, the effects of parameters such as the temperature, NaOH concentration, and time were investigated based on the Taguchi approach. In addition, the effect of the particle size on the Al extraction rate was determined. The Al extraction rate ranged from 78.64% to 93.11% and from 78.35% to 91.99% for ground dross and as-received dross, respectively. In the precipitation test, the pH of the leachate solution was decreased using HCl to remove Al ions as Al hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate was calcined at 1000C to 1200C for 270 min. The morphological and polymorphic properties of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental findings indicated that the calcination temperature and stabilization time were critical for producing aalumina particles rather than other polymorphs.
INTRODUCTION Aluminum (Al) dross is a by-product that is formed owing to the reaction between the surface of the molten metal and the furnace atmosphere during the Al melting process. The quantity of this by-product is high, and its disposal is an important problem because of its toxic nature that may create environmental pollution in the atmosphere and groundwater. Landfilling this type of waste is not a feasible option as Al demand from industry is expected to increase, resulting in the formation of considerably large quantities of such waste.1 The conversion of dross into valuable products could be an alternative to landfilling, and this choice would create new economic opportunities. Recently, the use of this waste as a raw material has been
(Received April 6, 2020; accepted July 5, 2020)
investigated to prepare ceramic materials,2,3 ceramic membranes,4 refractory materials,5,6 and pure alumina particles with different polymorphs.1,7–11 Alkali or acid leaching can be performed to leach Al from the dross because of its amphoteric nature.12 Various chemicals (HCl,13 H2SO4,14 NaOH,15 NH4OH,11 and KOH16) have been used as leaching or precipitation agents depending on the le
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