Production of antibiotic carbomycin from Streptomyces graminofaciens with high lipid content mutation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Production of antibiotic carbomycin from Streptomyces graminofaciens with high lipid content mutation Hussam Hassan Arafat1,2 · Medhat Ahmed Abu‑Tahon1,3 · George Saad Isaac3 Received: 9 January 2020 / Revised: 27 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The most important tools in killing and overcoming on the microbes and pathogens that cause diseases in medicine and/or in agriculture are the antibiotics. The discovery and synthesis of the microbial natural products or antibiotics has greatly developed genetically and biotechnologically quickly in the last decades. It is necessary to access this great genetic diversity by finding ways to increase the level of expression of these biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we carried out an improvement in the antibiotic production of weak Streptomyces graminofaciens strain NBR9 that has high lipid content; using Ultra-Violet irradiation mutagenesis. This strain was isolated from the Northern Region in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and identified biochemically and confirmed genetically by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene as Streptomyces graminofaciens NBR9; Accession No. (MN640578). The resultant mutant strain showed increasing in their antimicrobial activities. The methods and techniques used for the antibiotic extraction, purification, characterization and identification proved that the obtained antibiotic is same with antibiotic Carbomycin. Keywords Antibiotics · Carbomycin · Improvement · Lipid · Mutations · Streptomyces
Introduction There are many sources for obtaining antibiotics; i.e., from fungi, bacteria and/or actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are filamentous and sporulating Gram positive bacteria living especially in the soil upper layers, which belongs to the Actinomycetales order. These bacteria are industrial interest because of their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites used in the medical and agricultural fields (Goodfellow and Fiedler 2010). The scientific revolution in the genome showed that actinobacteria has more groups of the biosynthetic genes in its genome than the secondary Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. * Hussam Hassan Arafat [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia City 61519, Egypt
3
Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis P.C.11757, Cairo, Egypt
metabolite found in standard laboratory conditions. This finding shows that harvesting novel strains just for few compounds understates their immense potential (Hug et al. 2018). It is observed that the most important and the biggest source of antibiotics are the filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces that produce more than 65% of all known antibiotics. They are characterized by a particular developmental cycle that i
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