Metabolically engineered rice biomass and grain using genes associated with lipid pathway show high level of oil content
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Metabolically engineered rice biomass and grain using genes associated with lipid pathway show high level of oil content Ali Izadi‑Darbandi1,3 · Mehdi Younessi‑Hamzekhanlu2 · Mariam Sticklen3 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Increasing lipid content using metabolic engineering methods in different parts of plant, including, leaves and stem can be considered as an innovative platform for achieving more energy and biofuel in more green habits. Two key enzymes, including, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) catalyze the final step of TAG assembly. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is one of the important transcription factors which regulate the fatty acid biosynthesis network and TAG accumulation by balancing carbon flux between carbohydrates and lipids. In addition, oleosin encoding gene (OLE) can protect TAGs from degradation by packing into oil bodies. In the current study, four important genes involved in TAG assembly and protection (i.e., AtDGAT1 and AtPDAT, AtWRI1, and AtOle) were overexpressed under a constitutive promoter in rice crop. TAG content of transgenic seeds increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by 26% in compared with those of control plants. Oleic and palmitic acid contents were significantly increased by 28% (from 32 to 41) and 27% (11 to 14) in seeds of transgenic plants in compared with controls, respectively. Our results showed an increase in the total grain and leaf oil contents by 70% (from 1.1 to 1.87%) and 22.5% (from 1.88 to 2.3%) in the metabolically engineered lines, respectively. This is the first report of transformation in rice for enhancing oil content and energy density in its seeds and vegetative parts. Such metabolically engineered crops would be cultivated for production much more oils in seeds and straw for food and biodiesel consequently. Keywords Rice · Lipid pathway · Dgat1 · Pdat · ole · Wir1
Introduction With increasing population and further development of different industries, global demand for food, feed, and energy is also rising to meet the diverse requirements. This challenge will intensify in future modern societies as access to fossil fuels decreases, and due to climatic changes and limited arable lands, agricultural productions may not increase * Ali Izadi‑Darbandi [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 3391653755, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Forestry and Medicinal Plants, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box: 5166616471, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, Iran
3
Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
significantly. On the other hand, the use of non-renewable energy resources, such as petroleum, is not only costly, but also harmful to the environment [1, 2]. Unbalanced distribution of fossil fuels around the world and their negative impacts
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