Production of Platform Chemicals from Sustainable Resources
This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, the latest research, prospects and challenges of the production of platform chemicals such as C6 sugars, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, gamma-valerolactone, xylitol, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, levulinic ac
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Zhen Fang Richard L. Smith, Jr. Xinhua Qi Editors
Production of Platform Chemicals from Sustainable Resources
Biofuels and Biorefineries Volume 7
Editor-in-Chief: Professor Zhen Fang, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Editorial Board Members: Professor Liang-shih Fan, Ohio State University, USA Professor John R. Grace, University of British Columbia, Canada Professor Yonghao Ni, University of New Brunswick, Canada Professor Norman R. Scott, Cornell University, USA Professor Richard L. Smith, Jr., Tohoku University, Japan
Aims and Scope of the Series The Biofuels and Biorefineries Series aims at being a comprehensive and integrated reference for biomass, bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts. The series provides leading global research advances and critical evaluations of methods for converting biomass to biofuels and chemicals. Scientific and engineering challenges in biomass production and conversion are covered that show technological advances and approaches for creating new bio-economies in a format that is suitable for both industrialists and environmental policy decision-makers. The Biofuels and Biorefineries Series provides readers with clear and concisely written chapters that are peer-reviewed on significant topics in biomass production, biofuels, bioproducts, chemicals, catalysts, energy policy, economics, and processing technologies. The text covers major fields of plant science, green chemistry, economics and economy, biotechnology, microbiology, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and energy. Series Description Annual global biomass production is about 220 billion dry tons or 4,500 EJ, equivalent to 8.3 times the world’s energy consumption in 2014 (543 EJ). On the other hand, world-proven oil reserves at the end of 2011 reached 1652.6 billion barrels, which can only meet just over 50 years of global production. Therefore, alternative resources are needed to both supplement and replace fossil oils as the raw material for transportation fuels, chemicals, and materials in petroleum-based industries. Renewable biomass is a likely candidate, because it is prevalent over the Earth and is readily converted to other products. Compared with coal, some of the advantages of biomass are (i) its carbon-neutral and sustainable nature when properly managed, (ii) its reactivity in biological conversion processes, (iii) its potential to produce bio-oil (ca. yields of 75%) by fast pyrolysis because of its high oxygen content, (iv) its low sulfur and lack of undesirable contaminants (e.g., metals, nitrogen content), (v) its wide geographical distribution, and (vi) its potential for creating jobs and industries in energy crop productions and conversion plants. Many researchers, governments, research institutions, and industries are developing projects for converting biomass including forest woody and herbaceous biomass into chemicals, biofuels, and materials, and the race is on for creating new “biorefinery” processes needed for future economies. The development of biorefineries will create rem
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