Promoters
Behavior promoters, or simply “promoters” here, are institution components that are used to induce the occurrence of target behaviors or to enhance the effort level for such behaviors. The promoter comprises two key elements: first, the promoter response
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Five Basic Institution Structures and Institutional Economics
Five Basic Institution Structures and Institutional Economics
Shaorong Sun
Five Basic Institution Structures and Institutional Economics
123
Shaorong Sun Management School University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu District, Shanghai China
ISBN 978-981-10-0343-1 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0344-8
ISBN 978-981-10-0344-8
(eBook)
Jointly published with Science Press, Beijing Library of Congress Control Number: 2015959576 © Science Press, Beijing and Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.
Preface
Two Decades of Research on Innovation In 1995, with the publication of a simple article by the author in Theories and Practice of Systems Engineering, the author thought about performing institution design using the engineering design method. We all know that in architecture, there are drawings; in electrical works, circuit diagrams; and in mechanical design, mechanical drawings. With the aid of these drawings, project designers may go about their work in both an intuitive and an objective/scientific manner with high operability, with each improvement made to the design in question grounded and practical. In contrast, in the fields of economics and management studies, despite the popularity of institution research, the study results obtained are often recommendations that are deemed to present “inadequate supervision,” “insufficient impact,” or which are “excessive intervention.” Hence, despite the popularity of institution research over the years, the practical applications of such research remain far and few in between. The key reason for this situation is the lack of common institution design tools and techniques, with the vast majority of studies relying on personal experience and thinking. Th
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