Promotion of brass nanowires with lanthanum oxide and its application for photodegradation of tetracycline wastewater
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Promotion of brass nanowires with lanthanum oxide and its application for photodegradation of tetracycline wastewater Razie Heydari 1 & Faranak Akhlaghian 1 Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Today, pharmaceuticals are considered as one of the sources of water pollution, among which antibiotics have complicated structure and antibacterial property, so they cannot be removed from water by common treatment methods. Tetracycline is an antibiotic which is used to treat humans and infected animals. Photocatalytic degradation is an effective method which is used for the removal of antibiotics from water. In this work, brass foils were coated by lanthanum oxide using dipping method. The coated foils were calcined; nanowires grew, so lanthanum oxide was sintered to the brass nanowires. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and porosimetry techniques. The photocatalytic degradation operating conditions including pH, initial concentration of tetracycline wastewater, and time were modeled and optimized by Design Expert software (version 10). The La2O3/brass photocatalyst was active under irradiation of ultraviolet, LED, and sunlight. The maximum tetracycline photodegradation yield was 89.97% obtained by La2O3/ brass foil with the dimensions of 1 cm × 3 cm, 100 mL of tetracycline solution with the concentration of 5 mg/L and pH of 10 under ultraviolet irradiation for 120 min. Keywords Lanthanum oxide . Tetracycline wastewater . Photocatalytic degradation . Brass foil
Introduction Antibiotics are drugs which are widely used to cure bacterial infections in humans and animals. Antibiotic is not absorbed completely in the body; after metabolism, 30 to 90% of it is released from the body. Unused antibiotics, medical wastes, and animal wastes also cause antibiotics to enter the environment (Daghrir and Drogui 2013; Ai et al. 2015; Thi and Lee 2015; Wang et al. 2016). Tetracycline antibiotic is used to treat different human infectious diseases especially respiratory ailments. Tetracycline is also attractive for the treatment of animals due to its low cost and high antimicrobial activity (Daghrir and Drogui 2013). Tetracycline in water makes antimicrobial-resistant microorganism to grow, causing serious threat on human health
Responsible Editor: Sami Rtimi * Faranak Akhlaghian [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
(Daghrir and Drogui 2013; Leong et al. 2016). Water polluted by tetracycline causes gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney diseases and staining of bone and dental tissues (Vennila et al. 2014; Tetracycline side effects 2020). Antibiotics such as tetracycline have a complex structure, and conventional treatment methods do not remove them or convert them to harmless products, so especial treatment methods are required (Ajoudanian and Nez
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