Protection from terminal heat stress: a trade-off between heat-responsive transcription factors (HSFs) and stress-associ
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Protection from terminal heat stress: a trade‑off between heat‑responsive transcription factors (HSFs) and stress‑associated genes (SAGs) under changing environment Ranjeet R. Kumar1 · Suneha Goswami1 · Gyanendra K. Rai2 · Neelu Jain3 · Pradeep K. Singh3 · Dwijesh Mishra4 · Krishna K. Chaturvedi4 · Sanjeev Kumar4 · Bhupinder Singh5 · Gyanendra P. Singh6 · Anil K. Rai4 · Viswanathan Chinnusamy7 · Shelly Praveen1 Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract Terminal heat stress (HS) has adverse effect on the quantity and quality of wheat grains, as evident from the reduction in the yield. Plant has inherited tolerance mechanism to protect itself from the environmental stresses by modulating the expression and activity of stress associated genes (SAGs)/proteins (SAPs) which protect the plant from the damage caused by HS. Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) regulates the expression of SAGs in plant under HS. Bioinformatics and phylogenetic characterization of wheat showed the presence of 56 HSFs classified into three groups—A, B, and C. The regulation of Plant HSFs basically takes place at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translation levels. It also undergoes post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO)-mediated degradation. The expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) genes in response to various stimuli is regulated by HSFs. HSF1 has been reported to be the master regulator for cytoprotective HSPs expression. HSF potentially bind and activate his own promoters as well as the promoters of other members of their gene family. HSFs perceive the elevation in temperature through different signaling molecules like H 2O2, kinases and ultimately increase the expression of HSPs and other SAPs inside the cell in order to protect the nascent protein from denaturation. HSFs, being placed at pivotal position, needs to be further identified, characterized and manipulated using the advanced genetic tools in order to regulate the expression of potential genes involved in defense mechanism of plants under stress. It can also be used as potential molecular marker in wheat breeding program. Keywords HSF · Hsps · Thermotolerance · Wheat · Heat stress · Sags · Saps · Chaperone Abbreviations HSF Heat shock transcription factor HSP Heat shock proteins HS Heat stress
Communicated by A. Goyal. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00097-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ranjeet R. Kumar [email protected] * Shelly Praveen [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
SUMO Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier SAPs Stress-associated proteins
Introduction Growth of plants depends on various environmental factors. Alteration or any change in the environment results in number of abiotic stresses. These stresses include c
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