Pseudo Differential Operators

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Lecture Notes in Mathematics Edited by A Dold and B. Eckmann

416 Michael Taylor

Pseudo Differential Operators

Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg· New York 1974

Dr. Michael E. Taylor University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ml 481 04/USA

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Taylor, Michael Eugene, 1946rseudo differential operators. (Lecture notes in mathematics ; 416) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Differential equations, Partial. 2. Pseudodifferential operators. I. Title. II. Series: Lecture notes in mathematics (Berlin) ; 416. 74-23846 QA3.I28 no. 416 [QA374] 510'.8s [515'.724]

AMS Subject Classifications (1970): 35-02, 35S05 ISBN 3-540-06961-5 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg · New York ISBN 0-387-06961-5 Springer-Verlag New York· Heidelberg· Berlin This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1974. Printed in Germany. Offsetdruck: Julius Beltz, Hemsbach/Bergstr.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction

l

Singular Integral Operators on the circle

4

1.

The algebra of singular integral operators

6

2.

The oblique derivative problem

10

3.

C* algebras and singular integral operators

14

Chapter I.

Chapter II.

Pseudo Differential Operators

19

1.

The Fourier integral representation

19

2.

The pseudo local property

22

3.

Asymptotic expansions of a symbol

24

4.

Adjoints and products

31

5.

Coordinate changes, operators on a manifold

33

6.

Continuity on

37

7.

Families of pseudo differential operators

41

8.

Garding's inequality

44

Chapter!!!.

Hs

Elliptic and Hypoelliptic Operators

45

1.

Elliptic operators

2.

Hypoelliptic operators with constant strength 48

3.

References to further work

Chapter IV.

The Initial Value Problem. Hyperbolic Operators

45

57 58

1.

Reduction to a first order system

59

2.

Symmetric hyperbolic systems_

62

3.

Strictly hyperbolic equations

66

4.

Finite propagation speed; finite domain of dependence

72

IV

Chapter

5.

The vibrating membrane problem

76

6.

Parabolic evolution equations

79

7.

References to further work

82

v.

Elliptic Boundary Value Problems; Petrowsky Parabolic Operators

84

1.

A priori estimates and regularity theorems

91

2.

Closed range and Fredholm properties

98

3.

Regular boundary value problems

107

4.

A subelliptic estimate; the oblique derivative problem

115

5.

References to further work

119

Chapter VI.

Propagation of Singularities; Wave Front Sets

120

l.

The wave front set of a distribution

120

2.

Propagation of singularities; the Hamilton flow

125