Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Small Regulatory RNAs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (family Pseudomonaceae) is a Gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, motile bacterium, which is known for its ability to survive in many habitats, primarily in water, soil, and vegetation. Being an opportunistic human pathogen, P. aerug
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Wolfgang R. Hess, Anita Marchfelder
Regulatory RNAs in Prokaryotes
SpringerWienNewYork
Professor Dr. Wolfgang R. Hess University Freiburg, Institute of Biology III Freiburg, Germany
Professor Dr. Anita Marchfelder Ulm University, Institute of Biology II Ulm, Germany
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ISBN 978-3-7091-0217-6 SpringerWienNewYork
Editorial
Regulatory RNAs in Prokaryotes
RNA molecules play a central role in gene regulation in all three domains of life. Regulatory RNAs were originally discovered in prokaryotes as early as 1967. Fundamental mechanisms of how these molecules exert their functions were first analyzed in bacteria long before small RNAs were discovered as regulatory molecules in eukaryotes. Research on regulatory RNA in prokaryotes occurred in three major phases. The first phase started in 1967, when Hindley (1967) identified an RNA species, later named 6S RNA, as a distinct and abundant RNA species in E. coli. In pioneering work four years later, its sequence and putative secondary structure were published (Brownlee, 1971). However, several decades passed before 6S RNA function in regulating RNA polymerase activity was determined (Wassarman and Storz 2000). Another enterobacterial regulatory RNA reported early on was the Spot 42 (spf) RNA (Ikemura and Dahlberg 1973). Discovering that the spff gene is regulated by the cAMP–CRP system (Sahagan and Dahlberg 1979) and the phenotypic consequences of its overexpression (Rice and Dahlberg 1982) suggested its functional relevance. However, a biological role was determined almost 40 years later, when its significant complementarity to the region around the start codon of the galK gene was noticed and its role in discoordinating gene expression of the galETKM galactose operon became unraveled (Møller et al. 2002). About the same time the first trans-acting regulatory RNAs were discovered, the first regulatory cis-antisense RNAs were identified in bacteria. These cis-antisense RNAs initially appeared to be a hallmark of extrachromosomal genetic elements, bacteriophages, transposons, and plasmids, controlling their life cycle or
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