Regulatory RNAs Basics, Methods and Applications
Recent progress in high-throughput technologies and genome wide transcriptome studies have lead to a significant scientific milestone of discovering non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which spans through a major portion of the genome. These RNAs most often act as r
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Bibekanand Mallick • Zhumur Ghosh Editors
Regulatory RNAs Basics, Methods and Applications
Editors Bibekanand Mallick Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health New Scotland Avenue Albany, New York - 12208 USA [email protected] [email protected]
Zhumur Ghosh Bose Institute A.J.C. Bose Centenary Building P-1/12, CIT Scheme - VII M Kolkata - 700 054 India [email protected] [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-22516-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-22517-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-22517-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012931506 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (outside the USA) 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
RNA molecules participate in and regulate a vast array of cellular processes besides being the physical link between DNA and proteins. They play several other key roles, which include RNA catalysis and gene regulation mediated mainly by noncoding RNAs. This regulation occurs at some of the most important levels of genome function, such as chromatin structure, chromosome segregation, transcription, RNA processing, RNA stability, and translation. Further, harnessing the potential of RNA as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool, or as a central player in a fundamental biological process is becoming increasingly important to the modern day scientific community. Previously scientists imagined that there was an “RNA World,” in which primitive RNA molecules assembled themselves randomly from building blocks in the primordial ooze and accomplished some very simple chemical chores. But these molecules were thought only to be carrying information from DNA to ribosomes. Discovery of catalytic RNAs changed this idea and opened up a wealth of opportunities to allow investigators to modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally using ribozymes and derivatives. In addition to ribozymes, a new RNA-based strategy for regulating gene expression in mammalian cells has recently been described. This strategy is known as RNA interference (RNAi). Although much is known about the mechanisms of RNAi, there lie a number of hurdles that need to be overcome a
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