Psychological control and indulgent parenting predict emotional-abuse victimization in romantic relationships
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Psychological control and indulgent parenting predict emotional-abuse victimization in romantic relationships Sıla Deniz Beyarslan 1 & Tugba Uzer 1 Accepted: 11 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study investigated the effects parental psychological control, warmth, and behavioral control have on emotionalabuse victimization in romantic relationships. Two hundred and thirty university students who had been in a romantic relationship for at least six months completed the Parenting Styles Questionnaire, the Earlier Abuse Experience Information Form, and the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire. Moderation analysis indicated that the three-way interaction between mother’s psychological control, warmth, and behavioral control in regard to emotional abuse was significant. More specifically, mother’s psychological control predicted emotional-abuse victimization when warmth was both moderate and high while behavioral control was low. These findings indicate that, when parents do not provide sufficient behavioral control and monitoring of inappropriate behaviors during childhood, parental warmth exacerbates the negative effects psychological control has on emotional-abuse victimization in the romantic relationships of late adolescents. The present study significantly contributes to developing an understanding of how perceived childhood experiences of parental psychological control and parental attitudes are transferred to late adolescence and consequently could be a risk factor for adolescents’ experiences of emotional abuse in their romantic relationships. Keywords Psychological control . Parental warmth . Behavioral control . Emotional abuse
Identity development is one of the key developmental milestones in adolescence (Erikson 1968). Adolescents develop their self-identities through interactions with their parents, peers, romantic partners, and other significant figures (Furman and Shaffer 2003). Among these interactions, romantic relationships, especially those formed during the late adolescence period, have a particularly strong effect on one’s sense of self-worth (Connolly and Konarski 1994; Harter 1988, 1999). A good-quality romantic relationship is positively associated with higher levels of well-being and, through consistent reinforcement of self-worth, is also related to competence in later years (Kamp Dush and Amato 2005; Masten et al. 1995). Consequently, a good level of general well-being may enable identity formation and increase psychological adjustment (Bouchey 2007; Braithwaite et al. 2010; Shaffer Hand and Furman 2009). In contrast, adolescents who have negative experiences in romantic relationships have much less
* Tugba Uzer [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv No: 48, 06420 Kolej, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
confidence in their capabilities to form qualified relationships, as well as in their abilities to perform other tasks in their lives; further, romantic relationships with negative qualitie
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