Pulsed conductometer for biological cells and liquid media
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MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS PULSED CONDUCTOMETER FOR BIOLOGICAL CELLS AND LIQUID MEDIA
V. A. Shigimaga
UDC 543.555:57.086.8
A new, nonstandard measuring device for the conductometry of biological cells and liquid media in a pulsed electric field with increasing field strength is developed. Departmental metrological certification is carried out for a pulsed conductometer according to working, standard documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Ukraine. Certain results with the use of a conductometer are shown. Keywords: pulsed conductometer, metrological certification, biological cell, liquid medium.
A pulsed conductometer is a device for measuring the electrical conductivity of biological cells, in particular, reproductive cells (oocytes), embryos, and liquid media in a pulsed electric field (PEF). It is intended for use in the biotechnology of animal reproduction (reconstruction of embryos by means of electrofusion), investigation of the dynamics of electroporation of a membrane in an increasing PEF, stimulation of the development of oocytes in vitro, study of the nature of the interaction of a membrane with cryoprotectors for the lifetime estimate of the hidden deviations in the development of oocytes, estimates of the quality of the liquid media, in particular, deionized water and biotechnological media based on it [1, 2]. The initial data for development of a pulsed conductometer were the results of preliminary research on the nature of the electrical conductivity of oocytes, mammalian embryos, and various aqueous solutions in PEFs with increasing field strength, obtained with the help of models of the measuring apparatus developed during research [3–5]. Later on, for that reason we used the well-known methods of the foundations of radio technology and calculations of the circuits for radioelectronic measurement apparatus [6]. For theoretical generalization of the process itself and the results of the measurement of the conductivity, we constructed several models for the interaction of a PEF with biological cells – electrodynamic, radiotechnical, and mathematical – which also enabled us to find the optimal parameters of the measurement apparatus. Construction of the Conductometer. Construction of a conductometer is represented by a system of electronic, optical, and mechanical apparatus, which enables us to measure the specific electrical conductivity of a single biological cell or a liquid medium when a PEF acts on it. The measuring apparatus contains a square-pulse generator (SPG) for a voltage with variable amplitude and wavelength; a RIGOL (DS5-060308) digital, two-channel oscillograph; microelectrodes made from gold wire, sealed in a glass capillary made of Pyrex [7], positioned for micromanipulation (P54.135.028 TO); and an inverted BIOLAM-P1 (Yu-33.23.719 TO) microscope, with automatic temperature regulation of the stage. In one of the eyepieces of the microscope, a scale is inserted for the measurement of the geometric parameters of the cell and the microelectrode cell. Co
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