Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica and polypropylene over mesoporous Al-SBA-15 catalyst
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica and polypropylene over mesoporous Al-SBA-15 catalyst Hyung Won Lee1, Suek Joo Choi1, Sung Hoon Park2, Jong-Ki Jeon3, Sang-Chul Jung2, Sang Chai Kim4 and Young-Kwon Park1,5*
Abstract The catalytic co-pyrolysis of a seaweed biomass, Laminaria japonica, and a typical polymer material, polypropylene, was studied for the first time. A mesoporous material Al-SBA-15 was used as a catalyst. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). BET surface area, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption were measured to examine the catalyst characteristics. When only L. japonica was pyrolyzed, catalytic reforming slightly increased the gas yield and decreased the oil yield. The H2O content in bio-oil was increased by catalytic reforming from 42.03 to 50.32 wt% due to the dehydration reaction occurring on the acid sites inside the large pores of Al-SBA-15. Acids, oxygenates, mono-aromatics, poly aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolics were the main components of the bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of L. japonica. Upon catalytic reforming over Al-SBA-15, the main oxygenate species 1,4-anhydro-d-galactitol and 1,5-anhydro-d-manitol were completely removed. When L. japonica was co-pyrolyzed with polypropylene, the H2O content in bio-oil was decreased dramatically (8.93 wt% in the case of catalytic co-pyrolysis), contributing to the improvement of the oil quality. A huge increase in the content of gasoline-range and diesel-range hydrocarbons in bio-oil was the most remarkable change that resulted from the co-pyrolysis with polypropylene, suggesting its potential as a transport fuel. The content of mono-aromatics with high economic value was also increased significantly by catalytic co-pyrolysis. Keywords: Catalytic co-pyrolysis; Laminaria japonica; Polypropylene; Al-SBA-15
Background The development of renewable and sustainable energy resources is one of the most urgent tasks that scientists and engineers are facing owing to limited fossil fuel reserves and accelerating global warming. Compared to other renewable energies, such as solar energy, which require relatively long time for research and development, biomass is expected to be capable of replacing fossil fuels with much less efforts. Unlike crude oil, biomass is distributed evenly over the world and its quantity is gigantic, which makes biomass a promising energy source of the future. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea 5 School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Pyrolysis, which is a well-known method to produce energy from biomass, is a thermal conversion process producing a liquid fuel called bio-oil. The bio-oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass no
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