Pyrolysis of Plastics to Liquid Fuel Using Sulphated Zirconium Hydroxide Catalyst
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pyrolysis of Plastics to Liquid Fuel Using Sulphated Zirconium Hydroxide Catalyst Achyut K. Panda1 · Abdullah Alotaibi2,3 · Ivan V. Kozhevnikov2 · N. Raveendran Shiju4 Received: 13 October 2018 / Accepted: 3 October 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract A world without plastics is unimaginable now and probably also in future. With the growing use of plastic, the problem of waste plastic disposal is also growing. Recycling the plastics is a promising option to avoid the serious environmental challenge caused by them. Among the various options for recycling, catalytic conversion of plastics to hydrocarbons is very attractive. Catalytic pyrolysis depolymerizes the plastics to an oil which can be used as a liquid fuel. This is a sustainable way to utilize the waste, simultaneously promising to meet the energy demand. We studied the use of sulphated zirconium hydroxide as a catalyst for the pyrolysis of different types of plastics such as polypropylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and a mixture of all three. The objective was to understand the effect of the catalyst and the temperature on the composition of the oil as well as to find an optimum condition for maximum oil yield. Various reaction conditions and their influence on the product distribution are studied. The catalyst is effective in enhancing the reaction rate, altering the product selectivity and narrowing the product distribution of the reaction. At optimum conditions, we obtained more than 79% yield of oil which contains mainly C10–C24 hydrocarbons. The fuel properties are suitable to be used as a fossil fuel substitute. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Catalyst · Zirconium hydroxide · Plastics · Fuels · Pyrolysis
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00841-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Achyut K. Panda [email protected] * N. Raveendran Shiju [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha 768018, India
Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities At Ad‑Dawadmi, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 1040, Ad‑Dawadmi 11911, Saudi Arabia
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Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Statement of Novelty Pyrolysis of plastics using sulphated zirconium hydroxide catalyst yields > 79% oil, containing C 10–C 24 hydrocarbons, suitable for use as fuel. Such a detailed study with sulphated zirconium hydroxide catalyst is new.
Introduction Plastic products have become an integral part in our daily life. 8.3 billion metric tons of plastics have been produced till 2017 since the beginning of the large scale production [1]. 79% of this is disposed of in landfills, where its resources are wasted and the material takes up va
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