Pyrolysis optimization of Mediterranean microalgae for bio-oil production purpose
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pyrolysis optimization of Mediterranean microalgae for bio‑oil production purpose S. Ali‑Ahmad1 · A. R. Karbassi1 · G. Ibrahim2 · K. Slim3 Received: 11 November 2019 / Revised: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa are prevalent in Lake Qaraoun, Lebanon, which poses a great danger to the environment and to the local population. The threat could be inverted onto an opportunity if an efficient method exists to turn microalgae into valuable fuel products. An experiment was conducted to optimize an efficient pyrolysis conditions to produce bio-fuel from such increasingly prevailing microalgae. Five pyrolysis tests were set, including two different temperatures of 400 and 500 °C, two flow rates of 0.3 and 0.6 ml/min, and three heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 °C /min. On the other hand, in order to further evaluate the quality of pyrolysis oil, three hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) tests were run, including three temperatures of 200, 250 and 300 °C as well as three residence times of 1, 1.5 and 2 h. According to results, the high temperature and heating rate of 500 °C and 20 °C /min led to the highest quantity (32.5%) and quality, lowest amount of oxygen and highest heating value, of biocrude oil. Moreover, results of GC–MS analysis revealed that pyrolysis oil contained more straight chains and less oxygenated components; therefore, higher quality, than HTL oil. Keywords Microcystis aeruginosa · Pyrolysis · Hydrothermal liquefaction · Heating rates · Heating value
Introduction The world’s population is growing so rapidly; therefore, the demand for energy is on the rise. At the same time, conventional modes of fuel are depleting, and the environment is increasingly becoming much more polluted with the over-consumption of such fuels (Samiee-Zafarghandi et al. 2018a). In this situation, the search to find clean and abundant alternative fuels, which not only meet energy needs of
Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour. * A. R. Karbassi [email protected] 1
School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Sq., Qods, Ave., Azin Alley, P. O. Box 141556135, Tehran, Iran
2
Chemistry‑Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
3
Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Research and Development Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission‑ National Council for Scientific Research Airport Highway, P.O. Box: 11‑8281, Beirut, Lebanon
today and future generations but also prevent air pollution, is of essential significance. Biofuels are potential substitutes for fossil fuels since they are clean and renewable, not to mention plentiful. Among various candidate sources of bio-oil, microalgae are the most qualified. They grow faster than plants and have higher photosynthetic efficiency, meaning they build and store more fat with the same amount of incoming light, they cost less than conventional fossil
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